Transcript for:
Muscle Anatomy exercises 6

okay we are recording so in the um announcements i posted the muscle labeling packet this packet is different than the muscle labeling you turned in for bonus it has the same content but it actually has pictures of the muscles um the models that we will use this chapter is pretty intense there's a lot of physiology and there is a lot of models that you are going to learn so the first thing we are going to do is start off in your manual on page 102 so i'll give everybody a chance to get into their manual their engage manual whether you're using the digital one or you are using the manual the hand manual you're going to want to turn to page 102. okay now what we're going to start talking about is just general structure of a muscle and we're going to focus on three terms for these general structures the first term we're going to talk about for a muscle is just the belly of the muscle the belly is the fleshy part this is the part that allows contraction can anyone tell me what contraction means shorten to shorten with force good job brianna to short it okay muscles can lengthen they can also shorten which is contraction which is what this chapter focuses on a lot but we're going to focus on the shortening and that occurs in the belly that is the fleshy part that's where your muscle cells are your myofibrils the sarcomeres they're all within that belly now your belly is going to be attached to bones by tendons so tendons attach muscle to bones and there's two tendons that we're going to focus on the origins and the insertions every muscle in your body has at least one origin and at least one insertion okay the origin is the tendon that attaches the muscle to the stationary bone so what i want y'all to do right now and i can't see anyone because no one's on camera today but let me get on camera just so i can get on there hello so what i want y'all to do is take your elbow and i want you to start opening and closing your elbow so flexing and extending your elbow and as you're doing this i want you to tell me what muscle is allowing flexion and extension of your elbow bicep and tricep you got it biceps and triceps so stephanie just said biceps and triceps now this is something we're going to learn today you got multiple biceps muscles in your body so we always want to just make sure we say biceps bronchi okay so your biceps allows you to flex your triceps allows you to extend now when you are flexing your biceps muscle originates on the scapula the biceps muscle originates on the scapula i want you to go ahead again and flex and extend relatively quickly when y'all are doing this i want you to try to feel if you can notice that your scapula moves a lot does your scapula stay relatively still or can you feel it moving a lot anybody want to take a stab i feel the bone pointing pointing out i don't know if that's the scapula but i don't i'm gonna show you as i'm moving it i just feel this little back oh yeah i'm sorry i feel this back piece moving in the back okay now go ahead and flex and extend your arm chelsea for me and do you mind turning so we can see your back thank you this is when you need a swivel chair yeah okay now just keep flexing and extending okay right where chelsea's fingers were that was your superior border of your scapula do y'all really see the scapula moving much does anyone see it like popping in and out much no no so you can sit down chelsea thank you for being our model thank you um what's happening is your biceps originates that tendon attaches to the scapula and that's your stationary bone that is the bone that allows you to have a foundation for movement so that particular bone does not move it may you know wiggle just a teeny bit but in general the origin that's where the muscle attaches to the bone that stays still now when you flex your bicep your whole forearm moves the insertion is going to be the tendon that attaches to the movable bone so every time you flex your bicep you're pulling up your radius and your ulna so the insertion for your biceps is actually only attached to the radius but why does the ulna move with the radius they're um you need them to move how can i see it um i know you need both of them to move your arm though you know what i mean i don't know the correct terminology well it's not necessarily the share of your arm the joint they're joined they are attached to each other they articulate with one another so even though the biceps only is attached to the radius the radius is attached to the ulna so they both move together but how they attach to one another how with what so this goes back to our joint chapter your if this is your radius okay okay and then you're oh no i'm not gonna be able to draw as nicely and that's your ulna they are attached to the each other the head goes into the radial notch okay and then we have the inner osseous membrane between them that's a joint we have ligaments on the ends of them and we have a ligament that wraps around both of them together all right so they are basically peas in a pod they are coming together so every muscle in your body has at least one insertion at least one origin so the insertion is always going to be attached to the bone that's stationed i'm sorry to the bone that's moving the origin is always attached to the stationary bone now the names of the muscles also help you out how many origins does the bicep brachii have bicep brachii one what does bi tell us two two how many origins does the triceps bronchi have they have three heads what about quadriceps i think four so the names of muscles are super helpful when you're talking about certain characteristics in your book um there is a table in the beginning of chapter 11 that you do not need to memorize by any means but it's a great table to look at because it tells you why muscles are named the way they are and it has to do with shape fiber direction action of the muscle like what the muscle does has to do with muscle placement has to do with number of origins and all of these help you understand some of the names you hear if you hear the name tibialis i can't spell it but to be alice anterior okay this is a muscle what bone is this muscle next to tibia okay and is it in the front or the back of the tibia in the front yeah so every muscle in your body's name will help you understand what it looks like what it does where it's located so the naming is important and that chart in your in your textbook is super helpful i don't know the page number but it's it's based on point two you're talking about dr arm yeah it's just it's called naming of muscles so it's just a chart that kind of helps you understand the naming of muscles all right now the reason i'm going over those three muscle parts is because how your muscle interacts with bones is gonna basically allow movement of your body so we are going to talk about the lever systems in your body this is all on page 102 in your manual and a lever system is just a fancy term for discussing how muscles work with bones to produce movements lever systems are just a fancy term to discuss how muscles work with bones to produce movements how muscles work with bones to produce movements sorry let me get my dog out of here hey lost lost a captive audience member there dr r is this in our textbook yes this is all going to be chapter 11 in the textbook oh 11 no wonder okay i was in 12. all right okay now there are three lever systems in your body and all lever systems are going to have three major components the three components are e f and l effort fulcrum and load effort is represented by e and the effort is just the fancy term for your muscle and the movement it can make so it can lift the fulcrum is just the fancy word for joint so anytime you hear that word fulcrum you're really just talking about a joint and then load is anything that resists the movement so earlier i asked y'all to flex and extend your elbow when you flex and extend your elbow the load is your hand is that load too heavy for you to move can you flex and extend your elbow pretty easily yes what if you put a 15 pound bowling ball in your hand would it be a little bit more difficult obviously yes okay so the load can be natural such as your hand or it can be something you put in your hand and if you can't move it that means that the load is just too much for the effort so it's like weight lifting if you put on too much weight somewhere whatever you're doing whether you're doing squats curls you know extensions whatever you're doing if you can't move that weight that means that the load is too much for the muscle so it's too much for the effort now these three components are found in all three lever systems the difference is the order of the components okay so we have three lever systems first class second class and third class all of them talk about how joints in your body cause movement they all contain the effort the fulcrum and the load the difference is the order when the order of these three components changes in the body it also changes how much weight can be moved so how much load can be moved and it also changes the speed of movement so can you move something very quickly or does it take a little bit more time so all of this is going to be based on the order of the effort fulcrum and load okay now the three systems first second and third we're going to go over okay the first class lever system there's only a few in your body second class you only have one and third class is most of the joints in your body okay we're only going to go over one example of each and when we go over them we're going to do a little story with them so we're gonna go our first class lever system we have effort fulcrum load now i want everyone to nod their head yes so you're going forward you're going backwards forward and backwards okay so flexion extension hyperextension okay what joint you can give me the most common name it does not need to be the fancy name what joint are you moving when you flex and extend your head forward and backwards like you're saying yes your neck joint now your neck joint is which component effort fulcrum or load effort so what is the neck joint what term yeah the fulcrum is just the fancy term for joint so the fulcrum when you nod your head yes is your neck joint the fancy term for this joint is atlanto occipital joint oh go okay now when you nod your head yes and no i'm sorry no no when you hot nod your head yes i want you to do this a few times as you're doing it i want you to think about where the muscle is that controls that movement is it in the back of your neck or is it in the front of your neck just knock your head a few times try to feel it is that the back it's at the back of your neck okay so that means the muscle that moves this joint is at the back of the neck what component is the muscle effort fulcrum or load dr r i'm getting confused me too okay so this is the least stuff i'm gonna spend time on today so just try to listen and let me get through it because if i spend a lot of time on this we're not gonna cover the muscles and i don't have time to make y'all muscle model videos today which means you won't have them for the test so i have just let me get through this recording and that way y'all can have it to reference everything i'm referring to is e f and l e means muscle that's just the movement that's causing the joint to move f is the joint and load is resistance so let me get through these examples and it will make sense okay okay so the effort that moves this joint is the muscles in the back of your neck you will learn the names of these muscles today but for now they're just going to be the muscles in the back of the neck now the load is anything that's in front of your neck joint so name some things that are in front of your neck joint the high elbow okay the hyoid bone what else so think about it in front of your neck joints my jawbone your head your head but what part of your head your whole head is not in front of the neck joint the synthetic in the back so someone just said and i'm sorry i didn't see whose name said it someone just said your face so when we look at this picture right here everything that's in front of this fulcrum is a load so it's basically your facial bones the muscles the skin so the load is in front of the fulcrum in this particular example now when you nod your head yes is your face too much weight for your muscles to move no no so that means your load is not too much for the effort now you've seen people do really weird things and a lot of the strongest people competition you'll see see people pull cars with their teeth if you try to do that do you think the load would be too much for the effort yes okay now if you've ever seen an individual that may have a disorder such as cerebral palsy muscular dystrophy you'll often notice that their head potentially could droop [Music] yes it does like it droops to the side like that like they want to turn their neck or something i noticed that well it can it just it doesn't have to it can what does that tell you about their load is their load too much or too or or is it not affecting their effort too much it's too much it's too much so the load is the face most individuals don't have any issues with the load it's not too much for their effort but there's different disorders there's different things that you may be trying to do that will affect your next ability to move your face so in general your face is not too much resistance for your effort so you can nod your head yes relatively easily so when you go into a an establishment such as a bar you walk in the bartender says would you like a drink you're gonna nod your head yes what lever system are you using first second or third first first okay what is the fulcrum in that lever system and there's your next joint joint your neck joint what is the load or the resistance the facial portion and what is the effort with the back of the neck the neck muscle when you walk into that bar and the bartender says would you like a drink and you not yes you are using the first class lever system keep this story in mind this will help you remember all the lover systems okay the second class lever system we only have one in our body the second class lever system is effort load and fulcrum we still have those three same components but notice that the order changed okay everybody stand up real quickly at your house i can't see you but i'm going to trust that you do this we are at a bar the bartender asks if you want a drink you say yes the bartender then says what drink would you like well we're going to all be vertical challenged today so we can't see over the bar how do we see over something that's a little bit too tall what do we do we stand on that tippy toes okay everyone start standing on their tippy toes up and down everyone start doing plantar flexion go up and down up and down chelsea is modeling for us so thank you chelsea okay when y'all are doing this what made your muscle is allowing you to go up and down on your tippy toes muscle does anyone want to tell me the fancy name for calf muscle you learned this sorrow okay so that muscle is your effort that muscle is allowing you to go up and down on your tippy toes when you go up and down on your tippy toes what are you moving when you go up and down you're right moving your leg muscle your okay now when you go up and down though what's resisting that up and down what are you actually pushing up and pulling back down good okay so your load that you're moving is your entire body when you do that a few times it's fine if you had to do that for like three minutes do you think that the load might become a little bit too much for your effort to move over time yes ma'am yeah your muscles are gonna become tired and then that body weight might become too much but in general your load is fine to move now when you go up and down what joint are you moving i don't need the fancy name you can just tell me what joint are you moving up and down your ankle okay it's not your ankle your ankle will move but that's not the joint that's actually causing the plantar flexion your hip joint your hip everything's happening down my toe joint your toe joint oh so your toe joint is the fulcrum that is what is actually causing the gastrocnemius your calf muscle to lift your whole body so the movement is occurring at the toe joint your calf muscle is lifting the whole body up from the toe joint so you walk into the bar the bartender asks you do you want to drink you say yes what love or system are you using to say yes your muscles your slab verses at first okay the he then the bartender then asked what drink would you like well you can't see what the bar has to offer because we are all vertically challenged so what do you do so you can see over the bar you get you stand on your tippy toes okay what class lever system did you just use check on the glasses you got it okay then you tell the bartender what you want the bartender makes you the drink before you can get the drink you have to pay for it then once you pay for it you can drink it okay this is going to be an example of your third class lever system the third lever system is f e l same three components but you'll still notice that they're in different order okay if you're paying for your drink you are going to extend your arm out to give the money you will then grab your drink and bring it to your mouth what joint are you using that allows you to extend and flex the elbow okay so the elbow is which component fulcrum effort or load load the fulcrum the fulcrum yeah remember anytime we talk about joints those are just fancy words for fulcrum [Music] so your elbow joint is the fulcrum now the third class leverage system again is the most common so almost every joint in your body works this way when you extend out and give your money you're going to grab that drink and now you're gonna bring the drink to your mouth when you bring the drink to your mouth you're closing that angle so you're flexing what muscle allows you to take that drink and bring it to your mouth biceps bicep sweat you got it so your effort is the biceps brachii biceps has an s on it no no no i'm sorry you didn't understand me i said does the order matter yes the order matters because the order is what determines the class we're talking about all right so if you look here first is effort fulcrum load that's the order it occurs in your body from back to front all right second is effort load fulcrum and then third is fulcrum effort load so the first letter is going to be basically posterior and then the last letter is going to be anterior okay i see in every case in every um class in every class okay okay now when you lift that drink to your mouth unless it's like a 40 pound drink you should not have any problems lifting the drink to your mouth so the load is going to be your hand and your drink is that load too much for the effort no no so as long as that drink doesn't get too heavy you're fine so in a third class lever system i'm going to go back to this picture just because it's much cleaner oops two one too many here's your fulcrum elbow joint effort biceps brachii load hand and what's ever in it so the third class lever system is going to be the most common this is going to be your elbow joint your shoulder joint your knee joint your hip joint it's the most common one so when you think about how things are moved in your body most of them are going to have the fulcrum first the effort in the middle and the load at the end this gives you the most distribution of um equal distance so this allows you to move things at a relatively quick speed with decent force quick speed with decent force okay so third classes are the most common so you walk into a bar bartender says you want a drink you say yes what system are you using what is the fulcrum in the first class system is the middle and what is that joint neck joint the neck joint i'm sorry okay you can't see what's drinks they have to offer so you have to get on your tippy toes what system is that second second what is the effort what is the effort in the second class system destroying your toe toe muscles muscle calf muscle fancy name is gastrocnemius okay and then you decide what you want to drink you pay for it and then you drink it when you are drinking that drink what lever system are you using third third the third one and what is the fulcrum in this example for the third class elbow elbow okay if i was telling you that you were going to kick somebody okay that means you have to move your knee what is the fulcrum in that particular example if you're kicking somebody the knee joint if you are doing a dallas cowboy cowboy cheerleader kick you're doing one of those big old kicks where your leg almost goes over your head what is the main fulcrum that we're talking about the main fault hip joint your hip joint if you are doing a wind-up pitch like in softball when they do wind-up pitches what is the main fulcrum they are using your shoulders you got it so if you hear that word fulcrum just know it's a fancy word for joint okay so every single synovial joint in your body falls into one of these classes since we only have a few first class we only have one second class almost every joint you think about it's going to be which class third third class so almost every joint that you think about will be third class all three joints have the same exact components effort fulcrum and load what is the only difference between these three joints is the arrangement you got it the arrangement of those components that's the only difference now because of the arrangement it causes your body to be able to do different things but they all three will be present in all joints so your big cue for any of this on the test is when you see anything about lever systems think about going to that bar saying yes you want to drink having to see what drinks there are and then paying and drinking that drink that is the order and those are the examples that you will see on the test does this make more sense now i understand it now i definitely do thank you i just once i get through that story it starts making more sense and that's a silly story y'all that is not scientific it's just a way for y'all to remember those joints okay now the next thing and this i do not let me pull this up real quick just so i can show you i'm just going to show you where you need to look in the textbook for this not the textbook the manual okay when you are looking in your manual we're on exercise seven in your manual on page 102 which is the page we were on you will have this lovely little chart okay this chart is showing you selected joints the action that can occur at those joints the origin of the muscles and the insertion of the muscles so when you flex and extend i think stephanie you said this earlier you're using the triceps brachii and the biceps brachii okay so if you look here that's your elbow joint the biceps brachii allows flexion the triceps bronchi allows extension we call these antagonistic pairs that word antagonistic just means opposite so every muscle in your body has what we consider an antagonistic pair so a muscle that does the opposite of it these muscles are grouped together so we can have opposite movement occur you have over 700 muscles in your body every one of those muscles has its antagonistic pair every single muscle in your body has actions origins and insertions if you are going to school for sports medicine physical therapy occupational therapy you are going to learn all 700 actions origins and insertions i learned all 700 i have never used those one day in my life because that was not my focus these are the only eight i know so this is something that's really important based on your career goals okay now if you end up in nursing and you end up in orthopedics if you end up in rehabilitation this will become important so you can't say you don't know that you're not going to need it i chase turtles for my degree this is not something i needed for my degree but i did learn them all okay this is a purely memorization exercise so on the test i can ask you identify this muscle you would say it's the biceps bronchi i could then say what is the action of this muscle what does this muscle do it flexes i could ask you what is the origin of this muscle i can ask you what is the insertion now biceps bronchi how many origins biceps brachii how many origins do you have two two if you look here the two origins are the glenoid cavity that's your glenoid fossa that's where your head of the humerus articulates with your scapula and the coracoid process that's just another process where things are going to attach to for movement do i need both on the test no i just need one so you could choose to say either of these i could then say what is the insertion of the biceps brachii yeah so the whole point of me going over this is just to say this is memorization okay so you want to whether you like flashcards whether you like writing things creating your own charts these are memorization okay there's no way around this it's just repetition okay so you're gonna want to just make sure you know this for the test okay so i just wanted to show you where that that was on your manual that's page 102 in the manual it's right above everything we just talked about for levers okay so now what we're going to do is in your manual we are going to move to page 103 okay and we're going to go over these two models the muscle cell model and the sarcomere model i am going to be crossing out a lot of this stuff so you're going to want to have the manual right in front of you so you can make adjustments as we go over it we're going back to the packet right doctor yes yes yes we are going back to the packet is it um this next doctor i'm not sure so in your packet it's not no it's not going to be in the order it is in your packet in the muscle model packet okay we are going to go to that muscle cell model which is probably at the end of the packet here it is so y'all had this in the labeling exercise that y'all went over if you turn that in so this was one of the models in there this is the model that i told y'all last week that if you can't label don't stress about it we're gonna go over it today okay so what we're looking at in this picture is the muscle cell model this is page 103 in the manual and this is going to be page 298 in the textbook that's just for reference later on now just like any other mo um cell in your body muscle cells have to have a membrane so when we look at a muscle cell the muscle cell membrane is known as the sarcolemma that is just a fancy word for muscle cell membrane the sarcolemma is all of this smooth area now you can't see that yellow in there the muscle cell membrane is all of this smooth area that i'm kind of doing in blue so that is the muscle cell membrane which is just a fancy word for our sarcolemma is a fancy word for it now muscle cell membranes are pretty delicate so we're going to want a covering of connective tissue around it this covering of connective tissue is known as the endomysium that is going to be this rough end area surrounding the whole muscle cell now in this particular picture we're seeing it all kind of cut up and that's just because we're having to show you different areas so in real life the endomysium would cover the entire muscle cell the endomysium is just a connective tissue layer that surrounds your muscle cell now how do muscles attach to bones okay so your endomysium along with other muscle coverings perimysium epimysium all of these muscle coverings are going to extend past the muscle and they will form your tendons so your endomysium is a connective tissue covering of your muscle cell that will actually extend past your muscle cell and it will help form tendons so even though these are protective coverings they also help organize and they also help attach so everything in your body has a lot of purposes now inside your muscle cells you're gonna have what i call straws the straws are these round things right here so there's one straw here's the second straw a third straw half of a fourth straw here's a fifth straw here's this little six straw that got cut down these round structures inside a muscle cell are known as myofibrils the myofibrils are going to contain the contractile units of muscle cells myofibrils contain the contractile units of muscle cells they contain the contractile units of muscle cells so the myofibrils are where all the contractions occur okay now one thing that's really important is that all myofibrils are going to be covered by kind of a membrane network that looks like cobwebs so in this picture you are going to see all of this white that i'm covering in blue all of that is what i kind of call that cobweb area this is a membrane network called sarcoplasmic reticulum you got it also known as the sr every myofibril will be covered by the sr its function is to store calcium so all myofibrils will be covered by sr and their function is to store calcium if something stores calcium that means we're eventually going to want to release that calcium to release the calcium we have to excite that sr and once the sr gets excited there are gates that will open and will allow calcium to leave so we have to have a way to get an electrical signal from the sarcolemma to the sr so we have to have a way to get something to travel that electrical signal to travel down the sarcolemma deep into the muscle cell so we can excite that sr what we have are these in this picture they are orange we have these structures called transverse tubules these are also known as t tubules either name is fine transverse tubules will bring the electrical signal from the sarcolemma deep into the sr transverse tubules will bring the electrical signal from the sarcolemma deep into the sr or deep into the muscle cell sorry transverse tubules will bring the electrical signal from the sarcolemma deep into the muscle cells so which one of the t2 wheels is the orange in this picture so b now you'll notice that the name transverse that term means across they get their name because they are going across the sr so they are going whoops wrong color they are going directly across the xsr like this so here they go across the sr across the sr across the sr and they are deep into the they take the electrical signal deep into the muscle cell so that electrical signal is traveling on the outside of the muscle cell and those t tubules bring it deep into the muscle cell now if you look real closely you'll notice that those t tubules are going across the sr the t tubules carry an electrical signal when they go across the sr they excite the sr when the sr gets excited what is the sr gun to release you got it and that calcium is going to leave the sr and it's going to go float in the muscle cell in the muscle cells liquid and that's called sarcoplasm so you'll notice that the muscle cell has a lot of things with the word sarco this just means fleshy and muscles are fleshy so sarcolemma is the muscle cell membrane sarcoplasmic reticulum is a membrane channel that surrounds myofibrils sarcoplasm is the liquid in a muscle cell so you'll see that word sarco come a lot but you say is it what is the liquid that comes in um say that again please sarcoplasm so sarcoplasm is the liquid inside a muscle cell what does sarcoplasm sound like in most other cells um and this enzyme say that again brianna cytoplasm yes cytoplasm okay so cytoplasm and sarcoplasm are similar but sarcoplasm is what we find in muscle cells okay now muscles don't just magically send an electrical signal muscle cells have to be electrically excited so muscles can send signals what other tissue can send electrical signals they're nervous yeah the nervous tissue so i'm just gonna erase all of this on here just so it's a clean slate so it's a little easier to see but on this model what we're going to see is that all muscle cells are going to be excited by nervous tissue okay the nervous tissue is going to be made out of two types of cells nervous tissue is made out of neurons and glial cells neurons are the ones that can send the electrical signals so when we look at nervous tissue we look at neurons neurons have three main parts neurons have a soma they have dendrites and they have an axon in real life neurons do not physically touch the muscle cells there is going to be a space between the neuron and the muscle cell okay so here's my neuron again here is the muscle cell in this picture does my neuron touch the muscle cell no okay well so on this neuron this is the axon at the end of the axon we have these bulbs these are called n bulbs because they're at the end then we have this space right here okay and then we have our muscle cell membrane which is the sarcolemma okay in real life these don't touch what happens is we form a junction called the n m j this stands for neuro muscular junction and that's referring to the space between the envelope and the muscle no that's referring to the actual communication points the junction of the neuron and the muscles the space itself is known as the cleft the gap are the space any of those names are fine so the left can be without the synaptic or is the synaptic um class yeah it's it's synaptic cleft synaptic gap synaptic space oh okay they're all the same thing so the nmj includes the n-bulbs the space and the muscle cell membrane so the nmj is all three components the n-bulbs the space and the muscle cell membrane the space between them is known as synaptic cleft gap our space i don't care which one you use they're all the same now the reason i went over this is because on this model it is not showing you the entire neuron it is only showing you the axon of the neuron which is f and it's only showing you the n bulbs and these swellings these are your end bulbs so it's not showing you an entire neuron it's just showing you a piece of the neuron so they end the mitochondria yeah you have mitochondria in the end bulbs everything in your body takes energy and mitochondria are what makes your energy it makes the atp so okay now if we look really closely i'm going to erase my line for the end bulbs you'll see c c is pointing to that pink space between the n bulbs and the muscle cell membrane that space is representing where the nmj would be i am not going to ask you to identify the nmj on this model but this is just so that you can understand how this model is put together in real life would the neuron those n bulbs be attached to the muscle cell in real life would they be attached no no but this is a model if we don't attach it it will break off and we will lose it so in this particular model picture they're just showing you the neuron communicating with the muscle cell they're gluing them together so they don't break off but in real life there is a space between the two so a muscle cell cannot contract cannot get excited unless it is stimulated by a neuron okay now the last one i'm gonna go over and i actually forgot to put this in the packet so i'm gonna have to go back to what y'all went over on your labeling exercises because i have it in there this was a picture y'all had in y'all's labeling exercise yeah okay this is a picture of a very enlarged myofibril so what you'll see in this picture are these straws do y'all see these circular straws okay those circular straws are the same circular stars as these just blown up much much larger okay so this pic this model is just showing you very enlarged circular straws those are your myofibrils so these circular straws are all your myofibrils what is those what is the membrane channels covering your myofibrils called what are the membrane channels covering those myofibrils sarcoplasmic reticulum you got it i'm just gonna write sr just for time what is stored in those sarcoplasmic reticulum channels calcium great job okay now do y'all see all the little kind of orange dots on these pictures yes ma'am that's calcium i am never gonna ask you that that is a waste of a question for me to ask but it's good to see it because it helps you kind of understand the calcium is stored in the sr but it can be released from the sr now what goes across the sr what travels across the sr that brings signals deep into the cell you got it so here are your t tubules t tubules are basically these lines that go down the sr they're going right across it those are your t-tubules the t-tubules will carry a signal deep into the muscle cell they travel across the sr and that excites the sr when the sr is excited what is the sr release you got it now there's something that's not on this particular model very well but we can still talk about it do y'all see these tubes right here let me get some different color that's kind of hard to see let me get two it could have pink these little tubes right here these tubes are still part of the sr but they are the ends of the sr so all of this right here this is this end of the sr okay and those ends of the sr stand for terminal cistern the key here is terminal the terminal cisterns are part of the sr it's not a separate component it's part of the sr but it's just specifically the ends of the sr that's where it gets the name terminal because terminal means end end the terminal cisterns are going to directly communicate with the t tubules so that is the part of the sr that communicates with the t tubules so the terminal cisterns are the ends of the sr and they communicate directly with the t tubules okay now if you look at that long list under this model you'll see you have actin myosin troponin tropomyosin m-line z-disc you see all those terms on the model list yes okay for the test on the model you do not have to recognize any of this on the model so on the model you do not have to recognize any of those you will need to know what these all do that has to do with physiology i lecture on these you'll have my lectures online but for the test you don't have to physically say this is actin this is myosin so on the model you do not have to say this and you see how this is misspelled troponin is missing a t and i'm glad i just found that because i've been looking for that for weeks i could not remember where the misspelling was and i could not refine it so look that's like a little happy discovery isn't it isn't this an r it's missing an r it should be i can't write on this page let me go back to here t-r-o-p-o yes it should be t-r-o so it should be trope bonan i haven't i knew it was somewhere in this book and i could not find it anywhere so glad i just happenstanced upon it okay so these are your muscle cell models and then this was your sarcomere model so you don't have to know too much on the sarcomere model it is just an enlarged visual of your muscle cell model okay we are going to take a question yes under the first list under muscle cell model we didn't go over i don't think we went over that neuromuscular junction or somato more high motor normal so we need to know the nmj the nmj is represented by c it is just showing you where the end bulbs of the neuron meet the muscle cell membrane in real life they don't attach but on the model they're glued together now the word somatic motor neuron i didn't specifically say somatic motor neuron is telling you what system the neuron is in the action of the neuron so somatic neuron tells you so the word somatic is telling us that this is in the somatic nervous system all that means is skeletal muscle which is voluntary so the somatic nervous system controls your skeletal muscle so when you hear that word somatic think skeletal skeletal muscles are your voluntary muscles okay motor is telling us movement so f right here this is really just showing us the axon of the somatic motor so thanks for calling that out stephanie i i i hate that i forgot to say that because this is important as we continue moving on in the semester for this we just need to know what it is as opposed to being able to label it though correct yeah like if you label this axon i would give you credit if you labeled that somatic motor neuron i would give you credit okay it's just if that is found where dr i'm sorry say that again the somatic um motor neuron is found where they're found all throughout your body and what system the somatic system is your skeletal system thank you this is in direct opposition is if i said the word autonomic when you hear that word autonomic does that sound like autonomic i mean automatic a little bit yeah like okay this is going to be your other nervous system the autonomic nervous system and that's going to control cardiac muscle smooth muscle your glands anything that you don't consciously control that's involuntary is going to be autonomic and that one's a little bit easier to remember because autonomics sounds like automatic okay so y'all are going to take a three minute break four minute break we'll be back here at 9 15 and we're gonna hop into all of these models okay i need some coffee right now yes i have my labeling done you know okay hop on the screen and let me see okay non-muscular saw it okay you can just go through quickly all right you can see keep going [Music] okay all right thank you ma'am thank you okay we are ready to get back started and we are going to start on page 104 104. okay so on page 104 in your manual you are going to see non-muscular structures non-muscular structures are going to be tendons flat tendon sheets which are a fancy word known as aponeurosis and then fascia but they all look alike in the sense that they're all either gray or white on the models so this is a little model right here do y'all see all this stuff that's like gray here all of this anything that's gray is going to be a non-muscular structure so if it's not pinky orange red then it's not a muscle okay that means it's going to be a non-muscular structure the great thing about non-muscular structures is that they are named for their location which helps us identify them so we are going to go over this list for certain markings i am going to give you a very specific page number for your book you don't need to turn to it it's just so you have it for reference so the first one we're going to go over is epicranial aponeurosis in the chat tell me what two things you learn from the word epi and cranial where would you tell me that you'll find that in the chat tell me where you would find epi cranial just a real short description in the chat okay good job y'all okay basically getting surface of skull above the head above the skull outer layer all that's correct so if you look on this particular picture all of this gray is your epi cranial aponeurosis okay basically it's your scalp so if you took off your hair your skin you would have this like layer of fascia or aponeurosis and we call it epicranial okay i'm going to go over everything on the back model first before we go to the front so i'm going to skip around a little bit on the list okay the next one on the list is thoracolumbar fascia in the chat tell me what two bones do you hear thoracolumbar fascia what two bones do you hear in the chat you say what two bones uh-huh so when you hear that term thoroughfare fascia the narrow columbar i know your thoracic ain't lumbar okay well but that's the answer everybody thoracic and lumbar so i thought that was just like a wreath like some like a region like you know well thoracic is a region it's named for the thoracic vertebrae lumbar is a region named for the lumbar vertebrae so when you merge those two together you get thorough columbar and it's a fascia that covers that section so you say that the a lumbar is a bone just yeah your lumbar vertebrae okay all right makes sense now okay so that whole gray area down there is your thoracolumbar fascia okay the next term that we can see from this particular um view is going to be the extensor retinaculum extensor red inaculum okay this is specifically on page 373 and 374. your extensor retinaculum is 373 and 374. and this is going to be found on your wrist it looks like a bracelet so i want everyone to put their hands out in front of their body in correct anatomical position so your palms are going to be facing up and i want you to bend your wrist making your palms come towards your body so palms facing up veronica now bend your wrists so your palms come towards your body that is flexion now i want you to extend your wrist so your back of your hands go towards the floor extend the wrist okay now that's extension everything on the back of your arm is going to be known as extensors everything on the front is going to be known as flexors so your extensor retinoculum is this little bracelet on the back of your wrist sorry can you repeat that real quick the extensors are all on the back on the back of your arm so basically the posterior of your forearm and the sorry the flexors are all on the front on the anterior of the forearm exactly thank you okay and then this last one that we can see from the back most of you are familiar with this this last one is the achilles tendon and it has different names you can call it the calcaneal tendon the calcaneal tendon is just the name for the calcaneus that big old heel bone that y'all learned in the foot so whatever you're comfortable naming you can use achilles calcaneal it's up to you okay all is still correct yeah all are correct okay now that was only four of them so most of them are going to be viewed from the front view most of them you can see a little bit better from the front view back a little bit doctor i'm sorry okay y'all remember i'm recording this and the reason i keep saying that is because i have to we have about 90 muscles to go through and i am telling you i cannot make a recording for y'all today or tomorrow i am booked till 7 p.m both nights so i just want to kind of go through this you have my recording to go back to and that way you'll be able to at least have me going over them so from the front view we can see the rest of them so the first one that i'm going to go over is your linea alba this is going to be page 352. linea means line so the linea alba is basically a cord that runs down the middle of your abdomen we have different models that you can see it whoops i cannot spell today we have different models that you can see it on a little bit differently and i'll point that out when we get to those model so the linea alba is basically a tendon cord that runs down the middle of your ballet the linea alba is right next to the rectus sheath the rectus sheath covers your entire abdomen it is actually covering what we call this six-pack muscles in real life the rectus sheath covers the whole abdomen but these models are showing you different views superficial versus deep both of these can be found on page 352 in your textbook so that's just giving you a little bit better view of them okay next is gonna be your tenderness intersection tendinous intersection that is gonna be these guys right here in real life they go across the whole ad so in real life you have your linear alba and then across the linear alba you have your tenderness intersections so it's basically just forming a grid and then filling in the grid is going to be your rectus sheath and all of this covers your six pack we all have a hidden six-pack in our belly okay okay next is going to be the flexor retinaculum again this is page 373 and 374. your flexor retinoculum is going to be the bracelet on the front of your arm so here is your flexor retinaculum because it is on the anterior part of your arm what is this one right here this is showing us the posterior part of your arm what bracelet is that okay and then the last one is iliotibial tract in the chat put two bones that you hear in that term iliotibial tract put two bones iliotibial tract what two bones do you hear in that structure in the chat oh sorry great job y'all okay your iliotibial track if you are a runner you may have heard it be called the it band the iliotibial tract let me get a different color is going to run from your ilium all the way down the side of your leg to your tibia so it is the gray area that runs from your hip to your tibia iliotibial tract and you can see it on different models from different angles a little bit better but it's going to be gray or white depending on the model and it runs from your ilium all the way down to your tibia it's on both sides so as long as it is not running down the direct middle of the body you have rights and lefts of all of these okay so let me just oops let me show you one other thing okay this is another picture here when we look at this picture we have this line going down the middle what is that line going down the middle called what non-muscular structure runs down the middle of the abs linear elbow great job okay what lines go across the abs it's hindi in his inner section you got it and then you can see this um on this one pretty well if y'all look on the right side versus the left that right side you have this kind of white sheen covering the abs what is that white non-muscular structure covering the labs abs erector sheath yeah and so in real life it's on both sides but these models want to show you one side with it and one side without it okay now also on this model what is in the back of the what what non-muscular structures covering the lower back theoretic lumbar fascicle perfect and then what's on top of the head yep epicranial aponeurosis and then which bracelet are we looking at on the back of the hand extender extensor i say very close yeah so different models you can see things it's just you know looking at the different models and that way you'll learn how to transfer the knowledge between the models okay now our next one we're gonna do are the face muscles cranial muscles lower jaw muscles so we're going to start off with your cranial muscles i may have to go to a different model because i didn't i don't have the top of the head on this model but for your cranial muscles you can cross out occipital frontalis wait what for the cranial muscles you can cross out occipital frontalis instead i'm fine with you just knowing frontal belly and occipital belly so instead of learning it as that one big muscle you can just learn it as the bellies and i'm going to go back to a different picture to show this one to y'all okay i'm on the back of the skull and if we look on the back of the skull we see this little muscle that's peeping out what bone is on the back of the skull bone so what belly are we looking at right here occipital belly perfect okay and then what bone are we looking at right here the ret rectum what bone the frontal bone frontal bone did i hear femur i you made me smile wait i'm so i'm looking at the pink i don't know yeah oh you were looking at the bottom pink i'm drawing up top oh this is the frontal belly okay so you'll what you'll notice is that so many of our muscles are named for location of bones which is super helpful because you already have learned your bones okay then we are going to have man i cut a lot of these heads off try to see if i can have a picture where i show you the side of the head and this one's okay 68 has a big the whole head yeah yeah the whole but these are going to be um models so the models are always going to look slightly different from what you see on pictures so right here that i'm drawing in pink is another muscle what bone is this area covering right above the ear temporarily yep and so this is your temporalis muscle that's all right quick question yeah you see now you see the muscle man um the first picture right the sky and raising that facing down yeah yeah yeah so when you have a when you have a model like that on the test it that is the correct position of how we're looking at it you get what i'm saying so that is the correct left and right portion am i correct so when you're looking at it you want to make your body fit it so i'm fitting it yeah so you're fitting it now for this one for picture two you gotta turn yourself around to fit it to fit it okay i just needed to make sure because on the test you know you had some models that were spacing just like that okay you'll notice that these models are repeating from stuff we've seen before because we use the same models throughout the semester okay okay okay so we did temporalis frontal and occipital now we can actually use this model here i'm gonna just this is gonna be picture one this is gonna be picture two the next thing we're gonna look at is the lower mandible in your textbook this is page 347. you're gonna learn two muscles on the lower mandible the digastric and the myelohyoid digastric and myelohyoid okay when you hear the word die what does that tell you i'm gonna die it means two it means too so basically this is just saying this is a cord with two bellies so what we have here is the digastric muscle right here here's one belly in the front here's the second belly in the back you don't need to know the bellies but that's where it gets its name digastric so this is the digastric muscle now right underneath the digastric muscle you are going to see a muscle right beneath it whose fibers are going across milo height you got it this is the myeloid mylo hyoid the reason it's important to at least recognize the fiber direction is because that will help you identify when you're looking at pictures because in this particular model we have this muscle right beside it whose fibers go up and down like this so that's a different muscle that y'all aren't learning but i don't want you all to confuse that with the myelohyoid okay now the next group is going to be your neck muscles i'm going to give you two page numbers for your neck muscles start uh page 347 and page 337 347 and 337 for your neck muscles you can see these from a lot of different views let me see which one looks best we'll go with this view for now okay you have three neck muscles i always say think about them as s o s okay the largest one that you're gonna learn has the largest name so your first s is sterno mastoid very long name i know that's crazy but what does sterno sound like um uh the phantom okay what does mastoid sound like behind your um your masculine process perfect and then this word you probably don't know this just means clavicle it's just another term for clavicle all this is telling you is that this muscle attaches to your sternum your clavicle and your mastoid process oh wow okay so even though this is a big name once you start to learn prefixes suffixes and roots it's you can break stuff down this is the huge neck muscle right here that's your sternocleidomastoid largest name largest neck muscle so if you strain like clench your jaw your jugular vein is going to pop out and that is going to align your sternocleidomastoid so you can kind of clench your jaw and you can kind of find that muscle now the sternocleidomastoid is your outermost muscle so it's lateral then you're going to have the omohyoid your omohyoid is going to be a tiny muscle right on the inside of it it's kind of hard to see on this model let me see if you can see it better on this model yeah much better right here this right here is your omohyoid and then this here is your sterno is the long one sternocleidomastoid and then our last s sos so here's our first s here's our o omohyoride our last one is sternohyoid your sternohyoid is going to be this muscle right here so sos sternocleidomastoid omohyoid sterno um hyoid so on this model it's gonna be this one right here so sos sternocleidomastoid is the big outside one omohyoid is the little in between one and sternohyoid is the one that is most medial so it's the one that's going to be lining your trachea doctor a quick question is this powerpoint posted because the only one that i have is the one that i think yeah i posted it i emailed it to y'all yesterday okay because i think i have the one that was like the bonus thing yeah the bonus and it has the same pictures but those pictures are not the models because it's not showing all the same muscles so yeah so if you go to canvas i posted this uh where is it [Music] right here i posted it oh actually i posted this one yeah reminder of upcoming due dates and muscle model packs and are there two external highlights or just one there's two two of each okay outside the inside so i'm gonna erase it all we'll go over this one more time so first one is going to be sternocleidomastoid it's the big outer one so this one right here sternocleidomastoid next one is omohyoid it's going to be the small one right here and then the last one is sternohyoid and it's going to be the most medial one that's going to line your trachea so sos what side of the face are we looking at right or left the right the right so if i had the other side of this model you would have the the left side the same muscles but on the left side okay next is going to be your facial muscles these are going to be on page 340. the facial muscles are much easier when you look at them from the lateral view so the view i have on here is the easier view when you look at them straight on it's a little bit more difficult so we're going to learn them from the lateral view first that's going to be the easiest view and just need a charge plug my computer in so i don't drop y'all just need to find my charger okay okay so now we are going to do your facial muscles this is page 340 again the first facial muscle is going to be the buccinator i know that sounds weird but the cheek muscle is pronounced buccal the buccinator is going to be this deep muscle right here in your cheek so this green right here that is your buckinator okay now what you can see going right across the buccinator is gonna be your risorius this is your smiling muscle the risorius is the muscle that allows you to smile so it's so this muscle right here if you look at it it's basically going to your mouth so when that muscle pulls by contracting it causes you to smile it takes a lot less muscles to smile than to frown that is the risorius now whenever you open and close your jaw if you put your fingers right around your tmj you'll notice that you can feel that movement you have a very large muscle that helps you chew this very sorry what'd you say veronica i was wondering what the tmj is that's your temporomandibular joint oh okay so this very large muscle that allows you to chew this muscle is known as your masseter muscle you might hear some people call it the masseter so the word mastication means to chew mastication means to chew and you'll notice that the risorius muscle attaches to the masseter okay let's go way back to exercise one does anyone remember what this gland is from exercise one well dude say that again peritoid yeah the parotid salivary gland yeah so you can see that very clearly uh people that have um that gland can get infected pretty easily or can have like cancerous cells occur pretty easily so a lot of times people have to get it removed okay so we did the the buckinator the masseter and the risorius the next one we are going to look at is going to be orbicularis oculi orbicularis oculi this is a circular muscle around your eye so oculi is oculomotor or ocular which is i and orbicularis just means basically an orbit so your orbicularis oculi is this circular muscle around the eye but you also have an arbicularis aurus oris is going to stand for oral which is your mouth that's kind of like the mustache right here that you see is your orbicularis oris so if you remember from exercise one you learned all of those markings ocula oral audit mental buckle there is a reason you learned all those because that's how everything's named in your body okay the next one is nasalis where do you think this one's found and then nose you've got it um let's i don't think orange is going to show up very well we'll do purple here is your nasalis muscle okay next is going to be your um levitor lab by superioris this one's a long name but if you break down all the words you'll be able to understand what its function is okay the word levator means to raise levitate laby means lip superioris is which lip top or bottom the top you got it so what do you think this muscle does to your top lip it elevates it it lifts it up it helps you got it up open your mouth so this one kind of runs down the angle of your nose the levator labi superioris it goes from your nose to your mouth so it's basically running into your orbicularis oculi so it helps pull up that top lip and then your orbicularis oculi they often call that the kissing muscle so when you pucker your lips that muscle is helping you pucker your lips okay then the last two that we can see from this particular picture are going to be your zygomatic muscles so you got a major and a minor in baseball you go to minor leagues before major leagues so your minor muscles are always on top your major muscles are on the bottom because you're going to learn a lot of different minors and majors so the zygomatic is minor i need to like create new colors the zygomaticus minor is this one right here and then that's on top and then this bottom one that is your zygomaticus major so think about where your cheekbone is and that's where those two muscles cover your minors on top because you go to minor leagues first and then you go to major leagues okay and so now what i'm gonna do is we're gonna go over all of these again but i'm just gonna put numbers on them and you're gonna tell me what they are in the chat spelling is important but for sake of time if you misspell it don't stress about it okay let's use a color that you can easily see okay number one tell me what one is in the chat do your best to spell it quickly what is number one oh let's see if you don't get it typed in don't stress about it if you can tell it if you can say it in your head and you're like okay i know it that's confidence right there okay that is the muscle that surrounds your eyeball so it's a circular one so it's orbicularis oculi okay tell me what number two is number two okay good job chelsea p you are one muscle too high one muscle too high so number two is risorius okay number three muscle number three this is the chewing muscle awesome job okay number four is one of the cheek muscles one of the cheek muscles just tell me if it's minor or major good job y'all okay and then i'm gonna label a few more and i'm just gonna ask you a question about them where all you put is the number okay which one of these is your kissing muscle kissing muscle we all over the place okay which one surrounds your lips and allows you to pucker surrounds your lips and allows you to pucker now we're going in the right direction so good job chelsea p sarah joshua chelsea d so the pucker is your orbicularis press so this kind of circular muscle there that's your orbicularis auras okay which muscle raises your top lip which muscle number raises your top lip okay which muscle number six was correct which muscle causes you to smile which one's the main smiling muscle the main smiling muscle it pulls on the corner of your lips okay the risorius is number two that's the one that pulls on the corner of the lips and which is your chewing muscle okay good job y'all that was number three that's your master term okay the only muscle that we can't see on this model is the memphis and it's kind of hard to see on this model too only because it's small let me see if i can blow this up for y'all just real quickly there we are okay your mental means chin and then the mentalis muscle is this v-shaped muscle that meets on your chin so the muscle gets its name for where it's found the mentalis muscle is found on the chin okay and then i can show you because i blew it up here i'm gonna name these one two and three one two or three which one is the omohyoid omohyoid one two or three omohyoid y'all are doing really great today okay so elmo hyoid you me if you remember my silly s-o-s omo is the middle one so that's number two which one is sternocleidomastoid biggest name is going to be the biggest muscle so which one is that excellent job y'all that is number one okay so now what we're gonna do is we are going to go to the next page which is your thoracic and ab muscles and this is the best um model for your thoracic and ab muscles this is a chest cavity okay i'm gonna give you page numbers um you can see most of these on page 352 a few of them you will be able to see on different pages a little better so an overview is page 352. okay i'm just gonna go through these your first one is pec major pectoralis major this right here is your pectoralis major okay your pec major is going to be larger than your pec minor but if you remember earlier i said minor comes before major these right here these are your pec minor muscles and they actually extend higher up than your pec major so this is your pectoralis minor muscles now you have them on both sides but when you look at this model this side of the model is superficial and this side of the model is deep so we tore off a whole nother layer of muscles on the deep side okay next is going to be the serratus anterior serratus anterior your serratus anterior muscles these get their name because they are on the front of your body and they have serrated edges so these muscles are your serratus anterior you can see them on both sides it's just a little bit easier to see them on the superficial side okay rectus abdominus these are the ab muscles so all of these are your rectus abdominis these are those six packs what is this non-muscular structure that i'm highlighting in yellow that covers your rectus abdominis the sheath is there perfect what is this line that goes down the middle linear album and what is the ones that make the kind of grid going across transfers not transverse oh the i mean that's crystals not an intercostal this is not a muscle it's a non-muscular structure sending us intersection yes that's it tenderness intersection so again you can see a lot of stuff we're learning on multiple models okay so we did pec minor pec major serratus anterior rectus abdominis okay the next one is your external abdominal obliques your external abdominal obliques you can only see on the superficial side now when we tear that whole layer off the superficial side you can then see your internal abdominal obliques you can then see your internal abdominal obliques on the deep side okay now the last major ab muscle that helps you with your tone of your abs your tone of your core are going to be the transverse abdominis these are named for the transverse fibers going across you cannot see it from the anterior view you can only see it from the back of the chest cavity and it's going to be these fibers that go across so it's these muscles right here that are going across these are your transverse abdominis now people wonder why it's so hard to get abs your ab muscles you got four layers of ab muscles to make you have defined abs you have those external obliques you have those internal obliques you have rectus abdominus you have transverse abdominis all of these make it difficult to get that ripped abs your obliques are the muscles that we refer to as our muffin tops and so those are just ways to kind of remember location now look at the rectus abdominis their fiber direction is up and down look at this muscle right here its fiber direction is up and down those are the same muscles that you can see from the outside and the inside view so your rectus abdominis is a pretty thick muscle which is why it's again hard to get really defined [Music] okay your last two muscles are going to be your intercostals [Music] a much better page for your intercostals is page 335 and i'm going to blow this up a little bit so let me delete everything and i'm going to blow it up that way you can see the intercostals he said so the word did i say 35 i'm sorry 355. 55. okay sorry i'm just getting here okay so i'm just going to blow this up so we can see a little bit closer in okay inter means between costal means rib so these are your ribs right here so we're going to be looking at the muscles between the ribs internal intercostals and external intercostals they are named for their layers the layer that's on top is going to be your external the layer that's um beneath is going to be your internal so all the ones i'm putting this yellow dot on those are the top layers so that means they're closer to the outside so would that be your external or your internal internal internal so it's the top layer which is closer to the outside external yeah so let's look at that and now i'm going to use a different color i'm going to use this light blue to put dots if you look really closely you can see that there are two layers the yellow is on top of the blue the fiber direction is also different the fiber direction for the blue is going at this angle the fiber direction for the yellow is going at this my pen is super delayed today is going at this angle so these angles are making a difference in fibers too so that tells you it's two different muscles can y'all see when you look closely the two different layers one's on top of the other so you're saying the one that's at the vet well the paper that we have to label the one that i'm looking at the the first one is the inner it's don't go first and second go with layers the top layer and the bottom layer the top layer is closer to the outside of your body so that's external that inner layer is closer to the inside of your body so that's internal so this one right here this is external intercostals because they're the outer layer being closer to the outside of your body so superficial layer and then this is your internal intercostals because those are the layer that's beneath so when you look again you can actually see these layers on top of each other so this is your externals that we can see and they're sitting on top of the internals this is the only model that shows this so your external and your internal intercostals are extremely important in something that you have to do to live what do you think that is what helps breathing breathing it helps with your rib cage expanding and collapsing so really important in breathing when you break a rib these muscles are attached to that rib and those muscles are used in breathing so do you think you can really stabilize that rib easily do you think that rib's going to keep moving because now no if there's an injury you say yeah so if you break a rib do you think that the ribs just going to sit still or do you think the ribs are going to continue to move as you breathe it's going to kick but it's going to keep moving though that's why there's ribs are like the worst thing to break there's nothing you can do for them if you laugh if you sneeze if you move you can feel it because your ribs are surrounding your lungs and these muscles are attached to your ribs and these muscles help in breathing so no matter what they're going to keep moving so breaking ribs is really tough to heal because you just it just takes time okay so those are your chest muscles and your thoracic muscles again this is the best model to look at because it shows you the different layers if i go back to she man model half man half woman model you can't see a lot of the stuff you can see this big muscle what is this muscle you can just call it out well i didn't even realize she was dual after alice major hector allen it's the major you can't see the minor on this model because the major covers it on the model so that chest cavity model is a very important model because you can see stuff on it here we have what we call our love handles which love handles can we see on this particular model that i just marked externally yeah that's all you can see for us to see the internal i would have to tear off one whole side because they're layered and we can't see what's underneath them if they're present so that's why using that chest model is important because on this particular model you can't see deep muscles so just so y'all know that's the only model that we have that you can see deep muscles so that helps out with identifying stuff that this is the model that you will see okay next are your hips hips and your legs i'm gonna go over the big hip and leg muscles first so i'm going to use these big muscles but you can actually see everything i'm going to talk about on these lower body muscles too which to me are actually better defined than the big ones that the big ones are just easier to see stuff on because of their size whoops i did not mean to do i need to that that okay i'll make this a little bigger okay we are going to start off on the side view of the leg of the leg the upper part of the leg is all we're going to cover first now let me give you some page numbers and let me give you some hints so i'm going to bring this up just so you can see your manual okay this is where we are in your manual we're on hip and leg muscles okay i'm going to give you page numbers and just a few notes for hints gluteus maximus the best page is 387. you can cross out gluteus medius you can cross it out we have maybe a single model where you can see it so don't worry about it it's a deeper muscle so it's hard to see on some of our models okay the hamstring group this is going to be page 387 the hamstring group is 387 so if you're using the um the e-textbook you just type in the page number you got it okay okay so i'm going to give you positions so if you're looking at the hamstrings you're looking at the back of your leg your biceps femoris muscle is lateral it's always lateral so it's going to be on the outside of your thigh so the back of your thigh towards the outside it's a lateral muscle those two semi muscles semitendinosus semi brain semimembranosus those are going to be medial muscles and we're going to go over all this but these are just little things that will help okay then you have your quadriceps group from your quadriceps all the way down to the gracilis so from your quads all the way down to the gracilis that's going to all be page 386 from the quads all the way down to the gracilis is 386. how many muscles are you learning in the quadriceps group three three you are only learning three of the four okay they are named for location so the rectus femoris is the middle one because it goes right over the femur the vastus lateralis is lateral and the vastus medialis is medial so the naming will help you with location okay sartorius is the seat belt write that down you'll see what i'm saying when you identify that muscle tensor fasciae latae is on your hip pectineus is groin and then your adductors adds and your gracilis all three of those are going to be your middle thigh adductors and your gracilis or middle thigh which one did you say was the groin the groin is the pectineus okay okay whoops click too much okay so this is a lateral view which means we're kind of looking at muscles that are on the front of the leg and the back of the leg at the same time this first thing i want to go over is this right here from here all the way down to your tibia so this is running from your ilium it's a non-muscular structure that runs all the way down to your tibia remember what the name of that non-muscular structure is t band and what's the official name of the i.t bands um y'all got it iliotibial track good job so again just depending on the model sometimes you can see things a lot better okay here's your nice butt muscle what do we know our body gluten glutinous something it's the big one yes max good job okay then we're gonna see what i call the hip muscle or the coffee muscle this muscle right here that runs directly into your it band the hip or coffee muscle this is your tensor it's covered you got it that's what i call the coffee muscle tensor fasciae latte that latte is the coffee part so the tensor fasciae latte is that hip muscle that runs directly into the it band okay this muscle right here is a quadricep muscle so it's the front of your leg but it's on the lateral side would that be vastus lateralis or vastus medialis best is lateral good job so this is vastus lateralis you can't see the medialis from this view so that's just the vastus map of lateralis now i'm going back to the hamstrings remember that this is a lateral view which hamstring muscles can be seen from the lateral view um by the bicep awesome job y'all and this is why you can't just call it biceps because we have biceps brachii and we have biceps femoris so hamstring muscles the one that we can see from this lateral view easily is the biceps femoris okay so that's just the lateral view i just wanted to go over that we'll go back to this when we go to the lower leg okay here is the front of the leg so we're gonna go back and look at the front of the leg okay this is basically where your crotch is so that's the medial which means this has to be your lateral side okay this is your quads muscle that's on the lateral side so which quad muscle is that that's vastus lateralis this is the quad muscle that is on the medial side so which vastus is this it will be the vastus medialis and then we have this quad muscle that runs down the femur which quad muscle runs down the femur rectus femoris good job rectus femoral femor femoris okay then we have you can still see your coffee muscle right here what is our coffee muscle it is the water facility okay way too many big names now the last muscle that you can see super easily from this view is gonna be the seat belt now think about a seat belt in your car it goes across your body at an angle sartorius it is the sartorius it is this muscle right here that's going across your body at an angle this helps you cross your legs so the sartorius goes across at an angle okay so that's the front of the leg did i like not get a picture of the back of the leg let's see there we go here is the back of the leg just blow this one up okay so this is the back of the leg this is where the crotch would be so crotch is medial this is going to be lateral you always want to orient yourself with the pictures what is our butt muscle called bluetooth maxima okay now this is the back of the leg remember so this is your your hamstrings which hamstring muscle is lateral but i accept this bestest hamstring though okay that's gonna virus biceps [Music] okay now we're gonna look at the two i'm gonna bring this up just a little bit so my name's not on it now we're going to look at the two semi muscles these are going to be lateral so the semitendinosus and the semimembranosus these are going to be two lateral muscles that are together i want you to think of these muscles as a hot dog and it's bun okay so if we look at a hot dog and it's fun here is your hot dog and then the bun will surround the hot dog right you said they're lateral or medial medial okay thank you i may have just misspoken when i start talking about all of this a lot i just say stuff sometimes so the semi muscles think about them as a hot dog in its button so we got the hot dog and we got the bun okay i am going to compare the semitendinosus that is going to be our hot dog and then our semimembranosus will be in the bun and it's on both sides of the hotdog okay so when we're looking at the model what's gonna happen is you're gonna see two different muscles but it actually almost looks like three because they're laying one muscle lays on top of the other the semitendinosus lays on top of the membranosis this big muscle right here this is your semi umbraness yes let me get a color that's going to show up this is your semi tendinosis right here that big one that's medial surrounding your semitendinosus is going to be your semi-membranosis [Music] this muscle right here and this muscle right here is the hot dog bun that is your semi membranosis [Music] it's the hot dog bun that surrounds the hot dog now if you had this model in your hands you would see it very clearly i'm gonna change views and show you another model that i think you can see is a little better on even though they're smaller i think they're better pictures because you can usually see it a little bit more defined okay do y'all see this right here that i'm coloring in and this right here yes the green button your bun surrounds the hot dog which muscle the pink or the green is your semitendinosus which muscle is the semitendinosus pink or green pink good job and then that means the green the bun is the semi so you can't really see the bun you can it's just not as big because semitendinosus sits on top of semimembranosus so from this view you can really see part of your semi [Music] this view you can really see part of your semimembranosus really well what is this muscle from this view what is this one right here and right here it's the lateral hamstring muscle what is that muscle um biceps femoris good job okay what is this muscle right here i'm going to the first picture that looks like a seat belt that goes across the front of the thigh the abductor magnus victorious this is glorious that seat belt what you say is what i call this the seat belt muscle it goes across the front of the spine okay now we've done the front of the thigh in the back of the thigh now we got to do that kind of inner angle so what we're going to cover and i'm going to go back to a bigger picture but basically what we're going to cover at the bigger picture is this kind of triangular view so it's still the thigh it's just kind of the middle of the thigh there we go this is a good one okay so when we look at the middle of the thigh as soon as you kind of find your markings that you can always recognize it makes your life a lot easier so i like to use our seat belt what is our seat belt called good job so our sartorius is a good reference point okay then we have this one right here that goes down the direct middle of the thigh up and down this one forms the gracilis you can see this one from a lot of different models and a lot of different angles it's straight up and down down the middle of your thigh it's almost like the inseam of a pants so and see your jeans and see dress pants that's your gracilis do y'all see how the gracilis and the sartorius they kind of meet each other and it forms this v yeah okay i use that v as a reference point in general to name muscles so where the gracilis and thesaurus sartorius meat we get a v in between that v i'm going to erase this so you can see it in between the v you're going to have a muscle abductor magnus you got it but my colors are not responding did you just crash yep it just crashed on y'all where am i looking lateral they're medial okay so we see our v and then we have this one that's right in the middle of the v right above it that is your i think veronica you said it adductor magnus you got it the middle tie that's where it's located okay and then directly above your abductor magnus we have this nice long muscle what is that one going to be that's going to be the abductor um lunges yes okay so when we look at the middle of the thigh i like to use reference points just to help basically double check myself and i feel like the sartorius is relatively straightforward so you can always find it because it looks like to me a seat belt and where the sartorius meets the gracilis we have this nice v and then right in the crevice of that v we have the magnus and right above that venus and right above the adductor magnus we have the adductor longus wait dr r question i'm sorry you see where um the tip of the v right there at the point right there where the pink is yeah the what is that right there the little the gray the tip right there where it kind of meets i guess i have the magnets for that right there so where they meet is so the adductor magnus i'll color it in is just gonna be in the inside of it right here okay okay okay so that's the abductor magnus right there all right and then all that above it is the longest right here so what is the effect we haven't gotten into that yet because that's what is in the little crest not from this view not from this view you can't see the pectineus oh that's true is the lateral this no pectineus is medial but this particular view would be if you're standing with your legs closed the only way to see the pectineus easily is for the legs to be spread because it has to open up the angle of that muscle otherwise the muscle gets hidden by other muscles okay makes sense now okay so we'll do it on this one because the pectineus from this review is super simple we have the seat belt what do we know is our seat belt the satarius okay even though you can't see where the seat belt ends we can still see this nice middle straight up and down thigh muscle then that one that runs down the middle of the thigh like an inseam is which one wait um the aggressiveness so it's correct on that okay now where the two meet the gracilis and the sartorius is our adductor magnus it's cut off in this picture right above the adductor magnus we have the very long one which is your adductor adapter longus longus okay right above your abductor longus right above your abductor longus you have this guy right here pectinus that's your pectineus now the reason we can see it in this view is that if you stand and make your toes point to the outside of your body that's going to open up the angle of your crotch so it's opening up your groin muscles when those groin muscles are opened up we can see the pectineus when you point your toes forward that's going to rotate your hips back to your normal position and that blocks us from seeing the pectineus so it's present you just can't see it very well from that original large leg model so you can't see the abductor magnets on this one right here right just because i cut off the picture all right that's all like the you can see it right here so right here whoops okay see okay right here is your gracilis i'm going to put g for gracilis so s for sartorius where these two meet we have this little v right between them which adductor is that magnus abductor magnus which adductor is this one that i'm coloring in blue longus and then where's this little hidden guy that we can't see at all angles acting is you got it dr r can you use like a color red for the green spot so when we have to re-watch the video you know i am a very visual learner if you don't mind please so this is your gracilis and that is your sartorius okay and then to pick great pectineus is this little there's two little dots there okay my book has one alpha gracilis which one's right does it oh well y'all no one called me out on it it's one l then i am not the best speller either oh i i had mine one from the labeling yeah always trust your book don't trust me when it comes to spelling um that's something i still struggle with to this day spelling's tough um most of the time i get it right but i do make mistakes okay so again your upper thigh depending on the angle is going to change what you can see now i'm going to go down to your lower leg and we're going to do your lower leg muscles the good thing about your lower leg muscles is there's only six of them that you're learning and basically you're gonna see everything from a lateral view a posterior view or an anterior view the views are pretty straightforward so we're going to start with the back of it and y'all are already familiar with this particular muscle because we learned it on the first day of class what is the big calf muscle that allows you to s get up on your tippy toes guess you can eat all right that's your big calf muscle if you look at it there's two bellies to it you're not naming the bellies but if you look at people that are um really defined you'll notice that you can see like two basically ridges popping out of their cap they're both the gastrocnemius is just two different bellies of it what tendon is this down here calcaneal perfect what's another name for the calcaneal tendon achilles yep use whichever name you like doesn't matter to me okay so we can see the um calf muscle the main calf muscle from the back okay you can still see the gastrocnemius from the side but right beneath the gastrocnemius we are going to have what we call the soleus this gets its name because it's flat like the soulfish i know nothing about fish yell so it's fish the soulfish is flat that's what i've been told so this muscle right here that's right beneath the gastrocnemius that is your soleus what you can tell about the soleus is it's really thin but it runs all the way from your knee all the way behind your calcaneal tendon okay now i'm on the lateral view is the tibia on the fibula lateral fibula thank you okay so your fibula is lateral so your two fibularis muscles have to be on the lateral side the pinky toe side yeah for these muscles what you want to make sure is you're looking at fiber direction these muscles are named for their tendon length but the fibers also help you see which muscles which so the first one we're going to look at is fibularis lungus you got it okay that one the muscle fibers are going straight up and down like this the next one is the fibularis brevis brevis and this one let's see what color we can use this one the fibers are going at an angle so the fibers are going like this on both sides of the tendon that is your fibularis brevis brevis they all sound so like dr r well the names are really telling you what they are so longus is referencing that the tendon is a lot longer on this muscle and brevis represents that the brevis is abbreviated as a shortened tendon okay next is going to be the muscles from the anterior view of the leg and i'm going to go to this picture just because it's not written all over and i'm going to make it a little bit bigger and now we're looking at the anterior view of the leg just so you know i'm not going to ask you this from this view but you can still see gastrocnemius soleus so you can still see muscles from different views but i'm not going to ask it from that view but when you're studying you will start recognizing that depending on the view you look at determines what you can see so what view will you ask us doctor uh i'm gonna ask you from the views that are most obvious so there are two muscles that you're gonna learn from this front view the first one is tibialis anterior okay this right here is your tibia so the tibialis anterior is the muscle that's in front of your tibia it's the muscle that touches your tibia does anyone have a guess what this muscle would be named that's found directly behind the tibia that touches it tibialis posterior good job julianne okay tibialis posterior learning that one yeah but what i just wanted to tell y'all is that these muscles are named for location they are learned for location so if you know your bones that will help you with your muscles we're trying i know y'all are trying i just want to like make sure that you'll see that the naming there's a reason behind the naming yeah basically like reasoning through the names yes you can tell so much about something when you break down its name now the next muscle from this view is going to be your extensor digitorum longus now extensor tells you that we're extending something what are we extending the muscle well the muscle will expand say it again sorry toes yeah digitorum oh digital yeah your toes okay now whenever we name stuff with the toes are the fingers we got all these tendons all these little cords down here those are all tendons i use those as cheat sheets i'm gonna follow the tendons for toe two three and four all the way up and as i move up i hit this muscle that is the extensor digitorum longus extensor digitorum longus muscle it's directly next door to your tibialis anterior go ahead if you don't have your shoes on go ahead and pull your toes up and spread them so up when you extend your toes like that when you extend those digits that's the muscle pulling those digits in the front of your leg so this basically next to your shin that muscle is helping you extend those digits now when you curl those digits go ahead and curl them curl your toes there's a muscle on the bottom of your foot that does the curling so let's do these one more time erase everything okay what is this big old calf muscle back here that i'm labeling one get gas chrome nemesis you got it gastrocnemius what is this little thin muscle that sits underneath it that gets named for a fish bolus good job what is this muscle that is next to your tibia number three fibulas tibialis anterior yeah tibialis anterior yeah tibialis and what is this one that i'm name numbering for that is next to your fibula would be alice longest that would be extensor digital no not extension we're not quite that far to the front we're on the side by the fibula so i think chelsea said it yeah fibu fibu alice longest yes okay now i'm gonna put five in two places five is gonna go right here and five is gonna go right here if you follow this muscle down ignore that rubber band it is hitting your digits what muscle hits your digits that we're learning extensively and then our last one is these little short guys that surround your longus the fibula brevis you got it so that is your lower leg okay now the good thing is let me go back to this view is we covered everything but the arm and these back muscles so i'll do the back muscles super quickly but then i will do i can i can handle doing the arm tonight for one recording i just couldn't handle doing the whole whole thing again so i can do the arm tonight for y'all but let me go over these back muscles okay there's not too many back muscles so you won't feel totally overwhelmed by these back muscles there's only going to be five back muscles that you are learning the pages are going to be 337 and 365 for the back muscles 337 and 365. okay the first one i want to go over is your trapezius [Music] the trapezoid is a diamond your trapezius muscle is a diamond so people that like bodybuilders they'll get really thick trapezius muscles and you can like and it makes their neck look really really thick too okay then you have your latissimus dorsi the word latissimus refers to lateral dorsi refers to dorsal with his back so this muscle is basically sides and back muscle so that is your latissimus dorsi [Music] your next muscle is infraspinatus the infraspinatus is going to be one of your muscles that helps with your shoulder staying in place your rotator cuff muscles please don't crash it's not responding okay this right whoops this right here kind of triangular shape that is your infra i know it's hard to see this spinatus okay then we have our two terry's terry's major and terry's minor which do you always go to first minor league or major league okay i know that's not real in real life but these are just again silly things to learn by okay terry's minor is this muscle here and this muscle here so this is you're going to be your teres minor but you cannot see that at all which means that this one that's right beneath it is going to be which teres what's always first miners first then what major then major okay so the trap is trapezius is a diamond shape in the middle the latissimus dorsi are going to be to the sides the most of your back your infraspinatus is going to be kind of a large triangular shape muscle but beneath it is your teres minor then your teres major i'm going to show you this on a different model real quickly we're going to go to the she-man model blow it up just a little bit bigger so you can see it better okay what is the diamond shaped one i'm drawing trapezium good job what is the one that's basically forming most of your back sides and back let's test those doors good job okay then that leads us to your infraspinatus teres minor and teres major the reason i like showing y'all multiple models is different models are made differently so they look slightly different okay on the last one when we looked at infraspinatus it was just basically one muscle but it wasn't showing you all the bellies of it this one is infraspinatus on sheman and then right beneath it i'm just gonna write one and two which one number one or number two is terry's minor one or two is terry's minor one one and that means two has to be terry's major good job y'all okay so what i'm gonna do is on tonight it won't be too late i don't have a break till very late tonight i am going to record just the arm but everything else is covered and this will be posted and ready for y'all to watch in probably about five minutes so y'all can definitely use this to go back and review and study