Communication in the Real World - Chapter 1.2: The Communication Process
Learning Objectives
- Identify and define components of the transmission model of communication.
- Identify and define components of the interaction model of communication.
- Identify and define components of the transaction model of communication.
- Compare and contrast the three models of communication.
- Use the transaction model to analyze a recent communication encounter.
Introduction
- Communication is a complex process, difficult to pinpoint start and end points.
- Models provide a simplified, visual representation of communication.
- Models help in understanding specific concepts and steps in communication.
Three Models of Communication
Common Elements
- Participants: Senders and receivers of messages.
- Messages: Verbal or non-verbal content.
- Encoding/Decoding: Cognitive processes to send and understand messages.
- Channels: Sensory routes for message delivery (mostly visual and auditory).
1. Transmission Model
- Description: Linear, one-way process, sender-focused.
- Components:
- Sender, message, receiver.
- Noise (environmental and semantic) can interfere.
- Emphasis on clarity and effectiveness.
- Application: Suitable for computer-mediated communication (CMC) like text messaging.
- Drawbacks: Too simple for face-to-face communication.
2. Interaction Model
- Description: Two-way process with feedback.
- Components:
- Alternating roles of sender and receiver.
- More interaction-focused, includes feedback loop.
- Contexts: Physical (environmental factors) and psychological (mental/emotional factors).
- Application: Acknowledges multiple messages and unintentional communication.
3. Transaction Model
- Description: Views communication as a tool for shaping social realities.
- Components:
- Simultaneous sender and receiver roles.
- Creation of social, relational, and cultural realities.
- Contexts: Includes social, relational, and cultural influences.
- Application: Communication as a force that shapes realities beyond individual encounters.
Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC)
- Evolution from early computers and emails to modern digital communication.
- Influence on personal lives, relationships, and societal norms.
- Concerns include privacy, cyberbullying, and loss of face-to-face communication.
Key Takeaways
- Models help understand communication processes but can't fully capture real encounters.
- Transmission model: One-way, suitable for certain digital communications.
- Interaction model: Two-way, captures feedback but not how communication shapes realities.
- Transaction model: Incorporates contexts, views communication as a creator of social realities.
Exercises
- Reflect on how understanding the communication process can help in academic, professional, and civic life.
- Identify situations best suited for each communication model.
- Analyze a recent encounter using the transaction model.
Note: The next chapter will cover communication principles.