Hi everyone, good evening and welcome to your channel 91010. Yes, how are you everyone? How are you all? I can see many of you are here with us. Welcome to the class everyone.
I am your teacher Ankita and of course in today's class we will be reading the NCRT. Right, many of you are... asking ma'am when we'll be doing the ncrt session for class 10s so here we are right today we will be reading the ncrt so i'll give you time in the beginning only quickly go and get your book and of course have the pencil also with you right yes good evening everyone Hi Ashley, I'm good. Thank you for asking. Hi Priyanshu, Dheeraj, thank you.
Good evening Sneha, Tejas. Yes, very good Tejas, you're from 9th grade. Awesome everyone. Hi Aarti, good evening. So how are you all?
I hope that all of you are doing good. Yes, Education Board. We will try our best.
Yes, study. We will be trying to focus on the important points and especially the important lines. Hi, Ruzina.
Sorry, Ruzina. Then we have Gauransh, Barring Talent, Rani, Anonymous, Arjun. We have Rishik, Rani.
Abdul Soni you're ready very good everyone so I hope that all of you have your books with you right I'll give you a little bit more a few seconds here and there yes very good everyone very good very good No issues, please do take care of yourself. You can focus here in the class. No worries.
Yes, good evening everyone. Now I can see many of you have joined. So, let me just quickly welcome all of us here once again. Good evening everyone.
Welcome to the class. It's your own channel of 9th and 10th by JOOZE and I am your teacher Ankita. And in today's class we will be discussing and basically we will be reading through the NCRT chapter of life process. Very good, I can see lot of thumbs up so let's quickly get started. Now of course many of you if you are a part of our community right have shared the post that what we'll be doing in today's class.
So basically it gives us an understanding that what we'll be learning in today's class right. So mentally we can prepare ourselves. So that's why it's really important to have a little bit knowledge.
So we usually share the session updates on the telegram group. If you haven't joined the group you can join now. Link is in the description box below.
Yes. very good. Ajanya.
Very good. Yes. Very good.
Very good. Awesome. Good evening.
Good evening. And of course we all have our midterms and this is the special thing that we are doing for all of you, right? Especially focusing on the midterm examination. Yes.
So if you haven't joined our channel, please join. If you are joining, if you have joined our class for very first time, take this. movement right and subscribe to the channel so that your midterm preparation is happening seamlessly right we are covering all the dimensions all the important topics with that everyone will be moving now but a very very important code now just I'll take one more minute to talk about the reading right and this quote basically gives us a very clear picture now we know that reading is essential that's what the quote say that reading is essential for those who seeks to rise above the ordinary right and of course it was said by Jim Rohn a very kind of cliche line over here we are reading NCRT and we have this but don't you think it's kind of reality Yes, I am sure all of you will agree that if you read, you have better knowledge. Right, what do you think? You basically slowly slowly start rising up the ordinary.
You have more information. Right? And it happens when you read stuff.
Yes! I'm good, I'm good. I can see many of you have joined.
Welcome to the class. Yes, awesome. So on that quote I want all of you to read 15 minutes a day.
Nothing much right. I'm sure you can give 15 minutes to all the chapters right. Don't read every chapter like all the subjects on every day. Maybe pick two chapters. Very good.
So I hope that you will be keeping this quote very close to your heart and you will be following this. yes and let's move ahead lots of love to each one of you now we'll be switching back right we'll be moving to the textbook mode so I want all of you to open your textbook I hope that you have the pencil with you and here we have right where we have the we have the ncrt book with us awesome yes right over here we have this so let's start so those of you are still joining us here so those of you are still joining us welcome to the class good evening everyone I might not able to take each of your name individually a lot of you are here so I might miss your name, don't worry. If you have doubts, please hold for some time, I'll be answering your doubts, right?
And for this session, you just need your textbook. And even if you don't have your textbook, just focus here on the screen. Right, we'll make sure that you have the proper information.
information. Yes, Gauransh control and coordination after the first midterm, right after the midterm. Dhruv, let's not spam, we don't have the quiz today.
Kitna quiz karoge? Usse pahele, padhai toh zaruri hai. So, on that note everyone, I want to see a very quick thumbs up from all of you.
Yes, a very quick thumbs up everyone and then we'll start. It's important to address few things so that all of you are kind of aligned. Awesome, awesome, awesome.
I can see. Thumbs up, thumbs up. And it's a very interesting chapter, life process. So of course if you talk about this particular chapter, in the beginning of course there's lots of information. which is given right but of course it's I would not say it's super important but it's really very important for us to understand so let's quickly start with it right now of course in the first line they're talking about that how would you difference between you you know, we between are alive or not alive or living or non-living, if the animal is doing good food or if it's sleeping or it's moving, we can say it's living, right?
That's what is written over here. Yes, that's what we have. Yes, we have this over here, right? If you see a dog running or maybe a couch wing, we will think that it's living and but if they're sleeping, what we'll say?
We will still say that they are living, right? Of course, when we see them they are breathing we do the same thing with the plants also. Now plants are also living now of course they grow.
So one thing to actually help us understand is that right of course the growth. right? It's a growth that happens right?
When in living organisms if the growth is happening we can say that they are living right? I hope that all of you are following us over here. Now there are times when we'll see not in not so visible growth but we know that we are growing right? So over here the growth becomes really very important.
Moving ahead to the next over here that is the movement. Now what do you think? Movement again are really important, right?
I am moving so you can say, oh ma'am is living, right? Now, of course, there are lot of movement happens inside our body also. But can you notice them? Quickly tell me everyone.
Can we see the body movement that are happening inside our body? Yes or no? We know that we will not be able to see, right? Because what we have is the movement of the molecules.
Now, in our body we have various chemical reactions happening, right? and these chemical reactions happen because they are chemicals and of course they will form the molecules so of course as these molecules move they actually are moving to keep us alive so of course the movement of the molecules is one such example yes now they have mentioned a very interesting fact which is kind of we are aware of about the viruses which I will not focus more but I know that you already know that viruses are non-living outside the body of the host and they are living when they move inside the body inside the body because of course once they are inside the body the molecules start forming right and of course they start replicating themselves so that's a very important thing in the terms of the movement. Are we clear? So growth is important, movement is also important. The same thing we talked over here about the molecular movement.
Why it is important for the life as we have just discuss. Chemical reactions happens and for that to happen the molecules needs to come together to react and that's how this all is happening. Now the important thing over here is the repairing and maintaining.
Now the molecules are doing their work, why? Because first to maintain the life and of course to repair. What do you think? Yes or no?
I hear suddenly the chart is kind of inactive everyone. Are you there with me? I hope that you can hear me. Yes?
Very good, very good. Please? Yes, yes, I can see yes. Okay, awesome.
So we are clear with this part, right? Now, that means that all of you are paying attention. That's good.
That's good. That's good. Okay. Okay. Now let's talk about the life processes.
Now all of this is important. Why? Molecular movement is important. Why?
Of course for maintenance process. Of course to maintain the life process. So here we have the maintenance functioning.
sorry the maintenance function of living organism may go on even when they are not doing any particular activity or even if you are just if you and me are just sitting or sleeping still lots of activities are happening so a life process is nothing but a various importance process which is happening and of course there is a need of the maintenance of them yes are we clear with this everyone So, maintenance is important, right? The maintenance is important, needed to prevent the damage, breakdown and the energies needed for them. Are we clear?
Yes, right? see again if you look at it we are kind of aware about it but just reading it once we know that we are on a right path. Now this particular energy that we are talking about will be coming from outside the body and of course we must be taking care of our body the food right they have mentioned the food over here yes we get the energy from the food and of course it comes from outside yes Arjun ya so we are talking about that for maintenance right of course to maintain the whole life processes and the body what is there of course there are lot of reactions are happening and since these maintenance processes are needed to prevent the damage right and breakdown for them energy is needed and energy comes from the food and food we usually take from outside right we don't prepare our own food we take food from the outside and then we break it and from there only we'll get the energy so that's important now of course that process is called as the nutrition over here they have mentioned the important thing right Ma'am, what if they ask us to explain the nutrition for 5 and...
So, for example, again, if they ask, explain the nutrition in humans, you need to explain the food and, of course, the digestive tract altogether. Yes, that's how... the usual question comes in terms of nutrition they will not be asking you to talk about the food in general or they will ask you to explain the nutrition in humans how we get the food and how it just get broken down and further moved yes again we will we will be focusing on the words that are appearing, Krithi and yes I will be answering your question when we are discussing about the respiration, yes got it, ok. Now of course the food will depend on the size of the organisms also, right, if a plant is small of course it needs a less raw material, if a bigger plant of course it has more needs, similarly goes for us small baby, big baby, will both of these will have a different food needs of the food. demand so that is also really very important again a very beautiful thing they have mentioned is that majority right based upon the molecules that we have majority of the organisms that are living on earth depends on the carbon based molecule it's a very very important line super important line right majority of it is based on the carbon based molecules glucose right?
starch so this is really very important now that's of course depending on the different organisms the molecules that are needed will be different ok I will be taking the questions not now so all of you writing the question I would request you to just wait for some time you can repeat your questions after some time over here we have so we need the food and that comes from the outside and that actually varies from individual to the individual now in this particular paragraph they have mentioned about the intercellular respiration or what respiration is we know that there will be the breakdown of the food to get the energy right and of course this whole process that we talk about is called as the respiration where of course is a breakdown of the food to give us the energy that happens in the cell and we call it as the intercellular respiration or cellular respiration not intercellular basically the cellular respiration are we clear are we clear everyone yes and The important thing over here, in our body we have lots of oxidizing and reducing reactions. I'm sure all of you have studied about the DOX reaction, right? Oxidizing reaction and the reducing reactions. So these occurs in our body and that's how we'll see the breakdown happening.
We need oxygen and oxygen moves inside the body and lot of reactions occurs and of course there is a release of the hydrogen also. So this is a very clear cut thing that we all need to understand. Now they are talking about these two paragraphs talks about the unicellular organ. organism right and the multicellular organism yes so of course in unicellular organism they can easily use the simple diffusion method but in multicellular organism it will be really very difficult right it will be really very difficult so of course for that we have the specialized tissues forms the organ organ systems and so and so yes so what happens over here is that we need to understand that the different organisms have different needs for the body in terms of food and the energy are we clear yes are we clear with this yes shri hari we will be able to finish the syllabus awesome very good very good a quick thumbs up everyone so we have discussed about the nutrition we have discussed about the respiration now of course once the food is there it needs to move to the body with the help of the transportation and of course there will be the excretion so that's what they have mentioned over here see they have mentioned the transportation system and of course the excretion so basically this paragraph gives these two pages gives the introduction to the life processes so now we'll be starting with the life process the first part which is the nutrition control and coordination again aditi as i have mentioned will be starting after the first like after this midterm very good you Yes, of course we will be covering up but of course in many schools we don't have control and coordination in the first term.
That's why we are waiting. Okay. Now everyone, are we clear with it?
That's the first two pages, right? Very important part. So quickly give me a thumbs up.
Usually from this, rarely you might get one or two marks question. Not more than that. What are life processes or what are the important...
characteristic features of the living organism or whom we can call a living organisms right so these two are really very easy not so important but still we you need to read it very good now we are starting with a very important part nutrition in plants now before we start this I would request you if you have doubts please hold it in between don't write the question in between after nutritional plants is done I will be taking up your questions okay promise me that pinky promise everyone yes maybe some meal but for the majority that week you know had the Uh... Votes, I think we had a poll, but for majority it was not there. Yes.
Pinky promise? Very good! Promise!
Awesome! I love you my bachchas and let's get started. When we talk about the nutrition, we know that all the living... organisms need food right and of course how did you get food we know that they get food either from the outside or me they make all they make their own food so we here in this particular paragraph they just talked about that you know complex molecules will be broken down by the special enzymes now you know what majority of you were kind of unaware about that that we have the enzymes definition in the textbook itself right so what are enzymes enzymes are the biocatalyst now if you read this line let's read it it's really important so these complex substance have to be broken down into the simpler one before they can be used for the up keeping and growth of the body to achieve this organisms uses biocatalyst that is called as the enzymes.
Now these enzymes plays a very important role in breaking down, it actually increases the rate of reaction and helps in the various chemical reactions. So everyone are we clear with the We are clear with the enzymes right? Yes!
So now we are clear with the enzymes and of course we have our enzymes in different organisms altogether. When we talk about the nutrition everyone there are two different types of nutrition we have. we have ototropic nutrition where the organisms make their own food and of course we have the heterotropic nutrition. So catalyst is mean something which actually comes in there for a very short time and start or smoothen the process.
process, right in a very layman language if I would say, two types of nutrition auto and the heterotropic mode of nutrition, now in autotropic mode of nutrition we know that we have plants right and of course we have few bacterias that can make their own food, so of course for auto for autotropic nutrition can you tell me this, yes now I don't want to go into the details of this because this is the easiest paragraph of this whole chapter, now we have carbon and and energy requirements of the autotropic nutrition to fulfill by the photosynthesis. They make their own food, right? And for that what they need? Simple thing, what they need? Yes, they need carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, water from the soil, right?
Then of course in the presence of sunlight and in chlorophyll, they will be making their food which is glucose and of course they will release the oxygen and there will be the release of water, right? So this is what, this is... something which is kind of easy. are we clear everyone very good see over here these raw materials right over here now if you talk about over here these materials right over here the material is taken from the carbon dioxide water which is converted to the carbohydrates in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll carbohydrates are utilized to provide the energy to the plants right of course we'll be learning this in the next part the carbohydrates which will not be used immediately will be getting stored in the form of starch and of course it acts as an internal energy reserve for it. They have mentioned that in a similar situation what happens?
The food derived from the, sorry the energy derived from the food which we eat, you and me eat, stored in our body in a form of glycogen. Are we clear? So in, right, so in plants of course it is getting stored in the form of starch. Right, but about, what about you and me?
It gets stored in the form store in the glycogen, are we clear? yes, starch stored from in plants, glycogen in us education what basically it's a chemical molecule only that it's getting stored right Okay, now comes a very important, very very important part. Education would have just explained.
We have glucose, we have glycogen, right? Basically, these are chemicals. Thank you, Yash, for helping and welcome to the class after a very long time. Yes, okay, now everyone this I could not stress more on this, right? The chemical equation, very good Web of Web of E, thank you for...
helping your friends out there, right? Basically, what we have, the important, important, important, the chemical reaction of photosynthesis. After that, what we have again is super important, that is the three steps of photosynthesis. Again, a three marks question directly asked in the examination, right?
The steps of photosynthesis. Now, quickly raise your hand, how many of you have seen this question? Yes.
Your intelligent boy, the meaning of the carbon based food means that they will have carbohydrates into it. Yes? Me, me, me, me. Very good. Right?
So it's a super important part of this... whole page. So on page number 96 what is important?
This, the steps of the, the steps basically right over here, the steps of the photosynthesis. important important sorry over here so let's see and here we have see all of this okay i don't want to make it looks very cluttery but yeah this is important i'll just move aside Yes, so we have first is the absorption of the light energy by chlorophyll. So we know that on the leaf, right, we have the chloroplast and in chloroplast we have the chlorophyll, right.
So what will happen? The light absorption will occur in the chlorophyll. That's the very first step.
Second step is that what? The conversion of light energy to the chemical energy, right. And of course in that step only we will see.
the splitting of water molecules. Yes? Are we clear?
Everyone are we clear? That of course we will see the conversion of light energy to chemical energy and of course splitting of the water molecules into the hydrogen and oxygen and of course in the last step we will see the reduction of the carbon dioxide to the carbohydrate. So basically three step we can revise or we can write the answer for the photosynthesis.
Yes, if someone ask you others to write about, explain about the photosynthesis, it will be great if you write the chemical equation also. Balanced chemical equation. Are we clear everyone?
We need to mention the balanced chemical equation. Awesome. Very good.
Now if you read the next line which is there, these steps need not to take place one after the other, right? For example, in the desert plants, carbon dioxide is taken up in the night because if... the stromata opens, right?
Of course, there will be loss of water. So, of course, what happens over here? The desert plants will be taking the carbon dioxide in the night and in the daytime, they will prepare their food, right?
So, it will happen in this particular way. So, again, a very important question. Are we clear everyone with this? See, the hidden gems of the NCRT, right? Now we don't know actually sometimes all of these are very important and interesting information.
Sometimes exam mein aata hai and hume lagta hai ki oh ye toh hume padha hi nahi tha. Ma'am ye toh NCRT ke bahar hai. But our NCRT is kind of a gem right?
Every information is important. is there, so this is important, now they are talking about that let's see how a component right we can see each of these component in the reactions in the basically in the experiments. Now again, yes, can I tell you this very very important thing, now this experiment is really important and specially this experiments of photosynthesis, right, I am sure you will be getting 2 marks question from it, kind of 100% sure, yes, so you need to focus on all the activities and all the experiments, here they are talking about a simple thing, now I want you to answer this to me very quickly everyone, very quickly.
Yes, so what is happening in this activity? We have two plants, we will take two plants. Simple language I am telling you all of you, just focus over here.
Yes, shushmita, shushmita, the question is that why does it or how does photosynthesis occurs in the desert plant? Simple, they will be taking up the carbon dioxide in the night and during the day time the process will occur. Starch test, very good. So we even have...
two plants, one is in the dark, right and of course one, we will be adding a paper on top of it on the leaf, any star shape, any one, right and of course after that we will be moving it in the sunlight, we will be covering up the portion, right and after that we will test, we will remove the part and of course we will test it for the starch, if photosynthesis synthesis have occurred, it will turn blue black because there is a starch present. into it. Yes or no?
Very good, very good everyone. So is this clear, right? For those of you who have still some doubts, let me quickly read from here. So we have to take a potted plant with various some patchy, patchy leaves. Darshan, right?
So these leaves will have different shades. A little bit of brown a little bit of pink I'm sure you must have seen those plants money plant meh hota hai it's not exactly green you might see something a little bit hint of light green or yellowish also so aapko plant lena hoga then you will be keeping it in a dark room for three days when all the starch will be getting used up. Then we will be putting in the sunlight for six hours. We will be plucking the leaf then right of course we will trace it and we will dip this in into the boiling water.
Boiling water is important because it will be breaking the plant cells right of course. Then of course we will be adding into the alcohol to get rid of the chlorophyll right. Then of course once alcohol is being done we will be putting again into the water.
and what we will see we will add few drops of iodine solution after some time we will see the color change now over here can you see this very good yes yes we have it an activity so if you haven't watched it you can definitely watch it's a very very very simple simple Yes, it's a very very simple activity and I want you to focus over here. Right, so similarly if you read over here, furthermore on page number 97 in the beginning they have talked about this only. Now let's study how the plants obtain the carbon dioxide.
Yes, right everyone? The main aim of doing this activity here is to check whether there is a presence of the starch or not, right? And of course with this experiment we can do a lot of things, whether photosynthesis occurred or not. So, now comes a very important two marks question again. Rarely they might give you to draw the diagram.
That is the diagram of the stromata. Are we clear everyone? Yes, now I can see a little bit debate on English and Hindi. I would love to teach in Hindi, but again, I feel that all of us over here in the class are more comfortable with English.
So, here and there I might use few words in Hindi, but I'll try my best to teach. teach in English. Yes. Very good.
So stromata are the tiny microscopic structure that are present on the leaf, right? Of course they are present on the epidermis of the leaf and they are the one that actually help in the exchange of the gases, right? Stromata closes, no gas exchange, stromata open, gaseous exchange. Can you see over here? And they are guarded by the guard cells which are a kind of kidney bean shaped structure.
Yes, Bhoomi if you read NCRT line by line and if you understand what it's trying to sell, you know, tell you and you will be able to definitely score good marks. Yes, are we clear everyone? Yes, quickly give me a thumbs up, are we clear? So here let's a very important line. Okay.
So this is important. Can you read from here? But it is important to notice that the gaseous exchange will occur from the stem, roots and leaves as well. Since the large amount of the water can also be lost with these tomato, the plant closes its pores.
when it does not need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, the opening and the closing of the pore is functioned by the guard cell and guard cell swells when the water flows into it. This is important, causing the stromatal pores to open. Similarly, the pore will... will close if the guard cell shrink, clear right, yes transpiration also have a very important role in this, so transpiration is nothing but the loss of the water vapors in a form, in a loss of water in a form of water vapors, right, so this is important, very good, very good, very good.
Yes, okay, so we are clear with the stromata part. Anil, this line is saying that stromata basically help in the exchange of the gases. And guard cells are the one that actually make sure the closing and the opening of the, basically the stromata pore.
Not 100% education word, they might twist the questions up. Very good everyone. So this is clear, okay, we are kind of running out of time.
Yes. Both Shia Hari, both, on both the sides. Majority, just three, majority will be there where? Upper or lower epitermis. Think about it.
But they are present on both. The number might vary. Yes.
Now this is a very interesting experiment. to test that there is a presence, there is a release of the carbon dioxide, right? And what we'll do? We'll keep the potassium hydroxide, right? And what will happen?
Can you tell what is the importance of this? yes the potassium hydroxide will absorb right? yes quickly tell me everyone we did this experiment and if I remember if you have any difficulty in the experiments there is a video on the channel which talks about photosynthesis experiments right? if you go through it you will be able to find it and we had a detailed discussion very good so if you have to prove whether the photosynthesis is being taken or there is a release of carbon dioxide, this is the experiment, right, the Bell-Jar experiment, very good everyone, very good, KOH, so based upon this we can demonstrate that the sunlight is necessary, of course, we similarly hear that the things can be changed and can be asked.
Yes Komal, I think you have just joined the class. So, the desert plants take the carbon dioxide during night time. Right, and of course perform the photosynthesis process in the day. Oh awesome everyone.
Now again a very important line over here. They also need other raw materials in building their body. Water used in the photosynthesis is taken from the soil and of course there are other materials like nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, magnesium are also taken from the soil.
Right? Why nitrogen is important? Because it actually helps in the synthesis of proteins and other compounds. Very, very important. And of course, we have this.
Right? We know that the plants will not be able to take the nitrogen directly. They will be able to take the nitrogen in the different forms.
Right? So that is important. So that's all about the autotropic mode of nutrition. Now let's quickly discuss about the heterotropic mode of nutrition everyone.
Yes. I will quickly... a thumbs up everyone, a quick thumbs up and I'll move ahead, yes, yes rhizobium is present in the plant, leguminous plants right, leguminous plants inside the root nodules, very good, are we clear with this?
Awesome! Now let's quickly discuss about the heterotropic mode of nutrition, right? Heterotropic mode of nutrition over here. Now what is the heterotropic mode of nutrition? Of course we know that organisms depends upon the other, right?
Depends upon others for their food. So those organisms or those animals that actually use this mode are called as the heterotropes. That is that that's what we have over here in this whole paragraph.
So they have talked about the different types of heterotropic mode of nutrition. So we have parasitic mode of nutrition and I want you to answer this question. Yes?
Okay, I can see you are asking to explain this paragraph. So, over here, sunlight is important and carbon dioxide is important, right? Shashmita, just focus over here now. So, apart from that, water is there.
Now, water, when it enters into the plant, Along with the water there is a movement of minerals also. So in all the minerals that are important will be moving with the help of the water and of course the minerals. They have mentioned the minerals names over here and they are really very important. Plants cannot take the nitrogen directly.
that's why it will be broken down to further more to the nitrates and the nitrites that will be used up by the plants so i hope that is clear very good i can see saprophytic mode of nutrition we have the fungi over there that actually eats and the derendicum matters right we have holozoic mode of nutrition that occurs in you and me and then we have the parasitic mode of nutrition which of course we see in the leeches right and the What we have in the head? Pigs, right? Yes.
Awesome. So that's what we have in this particular paragraph. Not very clearly evidently they have mentioned lices.
Yes. Pigs we have in those small, small animals. Yes. Very good.
Yeah. Very good. Now comes a very interesting part. A two marks question.
Rhizobium bacteria known. Yes, yes, yes. It plays a very important role in the nitrogen.
fixation apart from that there are other bacteria also yes Jayaprakash ok now over here we are talking about the amoeba right everyone I hope that you remember this diagram super super important diagram the nutrition in amoeba because it's very similar to us first of course is ingestion right then the formation of the pseudopodia Right over here, sorry, here we have the pseudopodia, right, then the formation of the food vacuum, right, and of course we'll see ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and of course the ingestion. But that's the important part. That's how they have been grown. That's how they have survived.
Very good everyone. And a similar type of nutrition we'll see in the amoeba as well as in the paramecium. A little bit similar. Yes? Very good.
In the paramecium though we have special cilias. Right? That cover the entire surface.
Very good everyone. Okay, so that's all about the nutrition in amoeba and the paramish. We'll have a very quick look into that.
Now comes the most important part. Yes, drum rolls for this everyone. Now if you look at this diagram, this particular diagram, you can definitely look into it.
Yes. Paramishrim is holozoic mode of nutrition, Komal. Soropodia, pseudo means false.
Podia means fit. Yes. Okay. Now in nutrition everyone, can you tell me what is an elementary canal?
Page number 98. Page number 98, the elementary canal is a long tube that starts from the mouth and ends at the anus. That's nothing but the, right over here, the elementary canal. Yes, the digestive tract. Right now, of course, we have these following activity which is not, definitely we are not discussing now. We will be discussing it once we have a little bit more information.
Yes. Now, now comes the easiest part. I want all of you to focus over here. Now we have, okay, five or seven minutes more and then we need to finish the session. Very good.
Everyone, I hope that quickly give me a thumbs up. And I want all of you to focus over here. It's a really very easy topic.
Yes, yes, yes, yes. Come on, a quick thumbs up. Yes, okay, let's start with it everyone.
So the food is processed right and the small texture that we know We eat the food with the help of teeth right teeth actually help in cutting tearing and grinding the food that we eat. Hiccups will be coming into that right but not now. So that's the importance of the teeth. Now in our mouth we have teeth, tongue and salivary glands and they all form the buccal cavity.
So mouth we call it as a buccal cavity right over here we have. Now what is the role of the tongue? Now tongue basically helps in the mixing of the food along with the saliva.
Right. And of course in saliva we have a very special enzyme which is called as the salivary amylase. Right. And it actually helps in the breakdown of the carbohydrates. Yes.
Chandrakala, again, it depends upon in which part, midterm or the main examination. So, life process is a very important chapter from your board point of view. Yes.
Okay, so they have mentioned about the... salivary amylase right yes we have four different types of teeth canines and scissors premolars and molars very good so of course we have the salivary amylase that actually break down the starch which is a complex molecule into the simple sugar remember the name salivary amylase in the from the salivary glands are we clear Very good. I can see many of you writing the answer. That's very good.
Now then of course we have the muscular tongue which actually helps in mixing of the food. And wrapped on the saliva. Yes.
Very good. Very good. Now from here we will talk about how the food moves into the oesophagus right.
So here we have a very special movement which of course comes from one marks. What is the movement that happens in the food pipe or the oesophagus is the peristalsis. movement, a wave like motion, right, so it's necessary to move the food down and of course the lining of the canal has the muscles that contract and relax rhythmically, right, in a rhythm and of course this is called as the peristalsis movement, are we clear?
Very good, very good, awesome, easiest part, right, this is very, very easy. Yes, very good. Yes or Shia Thank you, Aarti, for helping your friend.
Yes, Aarti, I have answered your question. Now, from the mouth, the food goes into the stomach. Now, this is a very important part.
J-shaped organ, right? And it's a very, very important part. Now, in this, we have the muscular wall, which actually helps in the mixing of the food with the more digestive juices, right?
And over here, let's talk about the gastric juices. So, in our stomach... we have the gastric glands, right, they are present in the walls of the stomach and these secrete the hydrochloric acid, right, a protein digesting enzyme pepsin and the mucus, this is really important everyone, very very important, three secretion occurs, three gastric juices secretion occurs, right, Over here in the stomach, hydrochloric acid, pepsin and the mucus. Mucus protect the walls of the stomach, ethyl acid, kill the germs and activate the enzyme which is pepsinogen into the pepsin.
Okay, that's what is written over here. acid create the acidic medium which actually make the pepsin enzyme active and this actually help in the digestion of proteins, mucus protect the inner lining, this is important right and of course we have the mucus right. Now comes the very important part. Why the acidity occurs? What do you think?
What is the reason behind the acidity? So if we have more of the acid and less food, what will happen? The digestion is not... The digestion has occurred properly but we have more acid as compared to the food.
because this acid, the extra acid will cause the acidity, very good, now from there, from the stomach, the food will move to the small intestine and there's a spincher, you remember there was a question also we had, yes, can you see this question, sorry, this muscle, okay, yeah over here yes so we have this pincher muscle which closes basically which makes sure the food will not move back from the small intestine to the intestine are we clear sorry small intestine to the stomach So there is a kind of closening over there. The food from the stomach will enter into the small intestine. Now the food which is coming, right, is acidic.
Right, it is the acidic. Now, of course it needs to make a little bit... basic so that the digestion can occur further.
Yes, so for that we have the elementary canal and of course when it moves we have the secretions from the liver and the pancreas. Are we clear? Are we clear everyone with this? Right?
Okay everyone, I need to finish this quickly. Everyone focus over here. So the small intestine over here they are talking about, it's the largest part of the elementary canal for sure.
The length of the small intestine varies in the different animals. In herbivores, it's longer because it needs to digest the cellulose. Whereas in the carnivores, it will be smaller.
Right? This is important and of course, this is also a very common question asked. So yeah, you have the clarity.
Why? Why? the small intestine length changes from herbivores to the carnivores. Now in the small intestine we will see the complete digestion of the carbohydrates, fats and protein.
This is important. Right? And of course from the liver we will see the secretion of the bile juices.
Right? That will be breaking the fats and of course making it into smaller molecules so that the lipase enzyme which is secreted by the pancreas can work on it. So over here it receives there is secretion of the liver and the pancreas for this purpose and it becomes alkaline so that the pancreatic enzymes can act on it.
Are we clear everyone? Yes, are we clear? So in between I didn't focus on the chat, I hope that all of you are here and are kind of clear with this.
Yes, super easy. Good, good, good. Very good everyone.
So we have the secretion of bile. Then of course we have the enzymes like lipase, trypsin. Lipase helps in the digestion of fats. Trypsin helps in the digestion of proteins.
Very good. Good. Bile salt will be breaking them into the small globules, increasing the efficiency of enzymes to act on it.
Right, of course, you have learned this in the chemistry also. The pancreatic amylase will secrete the enzymes and of course... because that's how they help in the digestion. So that's all about the digestion that is happening in the small intestine. From there, the digestive food, of course, is getting absorbed also in the small intestine, because there are small, small villas that will be helping in the absorption.
This is NCRT. Right, they actually increase the surface area, this is important line, right, villi are present, they actually help in the absorption, apart from that, of course they are so much in number, they increase the surface area also. very good, very good, the unabsorbed food is then sent to the large intestine and of course in large intestine water will be reabsorbed, right, and of course the waste material will be thrown from the body by the anal sphincter, yes, and with that we are kind of done with the nutrition, yes, NCRTR Bible, so everyone we have discussed it over here, they have mentioned about the good things, you can quickly read this out. Right, about cleaning your teeth and what will happen if there is a playing formation.
Right, we'll have the dental caries, right? We'll have difficulties. So, how we clear everyone with the nutrition part? Quickly a thumbs up and then I'll...
Now we'll move back to the PPT mode, right? Yes, and we are kind of done with this. Very good everyone. Now after this, if you read the textbook for just 10 minutes, I am telling you, you will be the master of life process, right? With that everyone, I would end the session.
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