Transcript for:
Istruktura at Sistema ng Katawan ng Tao

Good day everyone! I hope that everybody is doing well right now. At kumusta kayo?

Kumusta ang unang two weeks ng pag-aaral nyo sa RTU? I hope na wala pa namang nai-encounter na problema sa loob ng university. Again, I am your instructor for this course.

I am Sir Jade Picoro. And we are going to tackle today the structures of the human body. So this week, we are going to utilize our asynchronous class. It's because of the event na meron ang... institution.

So again, remind ko lang ang lahat that you have to finish this discussion para masagutan ninyo ang mga questions na ibibigay ko. Paalala lang na huwag pong ilalagay ang mga questions na ibibigay ko. Just comment your answers directly.

Huwag i-include ang mga questions para hindi makita ng iba ninyong mga classmates kung ano ang mga questions at para hindi copy-paste lang ang nangyayari. So you have to finish. and watch the whole presentation.

Okay? Nagkakaintindihan tayo. Alright?

So, let's have the structures of our human body or the human body under your unit 2. So, this time we're going to discuss about different body parts, body types, man's biological makeup and fitness, including your muscular system and your skeletal system. So, our body is an ultimate mover that makes us to enjoy And satisfied. Each part has its own function that depends on one another. So, ang katawan natin ay binubuo ng iba't ibang mga parte.

Lahat ng parte na meron ang katawan natin ay may mga function, may kanya-kanyang mga trabaho na ginagampanan sa loob. And knowing the parts of the body, its system, and capabilities and limitations are essential for physical education or your PE and for effective... performance and physical activities. Of course, kapag nalaman natin ang iba't ibang parte ng katawan natin kung ano nga ba ang mga functions na ginagampanan nito sa atin, we could also know our capabilities hanggang saan lang ba ang kaya natin gawin, tulad nga ng sinabi ko last discussion natin that we have to find the capabilities that we have para malaman natin ang limitation natin saan ba, hanggang saan lang ba ang scope na kaya ng ating katawan. For us to essentially perform physical activities.

So kung napapansin ninyo on the picture, ito yung kadalasan o normal, common na alam natin na parte ng katawan natin. We have the eyebrow, the forehead, our eye, ear, nose, mouth. Napakasimple na mga parts ng ating katawan, pero hindi dyan nalilimit. Hindi lang dyan nalilimit ang mga parte ng katawan natin. Sa mga PE major natin, meron silang subject na tinatawag na anatomy and physiology kung siya ang pinag-aaralan doon ang buong katawan natin.

So tulad nga ng sinabi ko, hindi lang nalilimit sa mga common parts ng katawan natin ang katawan. Hindi lang dyan nalilimit. But of course, we have scientific and anatomical parts of the body. So, unahin muna natin ang body types.

Pag sinabi natin body types, this is the kind of body na meron tayo. Ano nga ba ang kind na body na ina-acquire natin? O anong type na body meron tayo? So, body types are a physical classification distinguishing certain physiological and personality traits.

Kasi nakadepende sa type ng body mo ang pwede mong magawa, no? or your personality traits, pinakauna dyan, good physique, boost on individual morale and self-confidence. Siyempre kapag mayroon tayong magandang pangangatawan, it boosts our confidence, no?

Sobrang, sobrang dali sa atin gumawa ng mga specific activities, it's because we're confident, no? On the other hand, people who does not have physique are more conscious and have low self-esteem. Kung ang iba naman, halimbawa sabihin natin sobrang payat, Sobrang taba.

They don't have enough confidence to show their abilities and capabilities. So, nagkakaroon sila ng consciousness within themselves. And nagkakaroon din sila ng low self-esteem. Okay? So, According to William Sheldon, an American psychologist known for his theory on associating physique with personality and delinquency, actually the body types that we're going to tackle today is from William Sheldon.

So according to Ernest Kretschmer, a German psychiatrist who proposed the types of physiques similar to Sheldon's classification, namely the asthenic or ito yung sinasabi nating Medyo payat, no? Thin, small, maliit, weak na pangangatawan. And the next one is the athletic, the muscular, large bone, no?

Ito yung may mga broad na shoulder like me, no? As an athlete. And the third is the picnic.

Ito yung stuckey or mataba, no? Or fat, yung malaki ang katawan. Actually, that classification that was being mentioned by Ernest Kretschmer ay katulad ng...

ang pre-proposed din o pinag-aralan din ni William Sheldon na body type. So ito ang classification naman ni Sheldon. We have the ectomorph, the mesomorph, and the endomorph. So tulad ng kay Kretschmer, iba-iba din ang ibig sabihin nito.

Kung baga ang ectomorph, ito yung manipis, slim, shallow, chested, and tall proportion to their weight. As difficulty in building muscles. Ito yung mga payat, no?

Ang nakikita natin yung mga payat na pangangatawan, no? That's what we call ectomorph. Kapag naman medyo, sabihin natin malaki ang broad, ang kanyang shoulders, no?

Athletic type of body, they are the mesomorph. Muscular with broad shoulders, well-developed chest, robust and strong, has good metabolism and responsive muscle cells. So, like... Like for me, like me, I have a mesomorph body type. Sila yung mga athletic type body.

And the third one is the endomorph. Ito yung broad, rounded figure. Large head, heavy neck, and ruddy face. Has high tendency to store body fat. Ito yung sobrang laki.

Malalaki talaga ang mga katawan nila. Manataba. As you can see on that picture.

Ectomorph, payat, mesomorph. It's what we call the average type of body and the endomorph is yung malaki. Okay? Next. So, ito.

Ito ang sinabi nga kanina that Sheldon has three classifications as well as three classifications of Ernest. So, we have the ectomorph equally to the asthenic, the mesomorph equal to the athletic, and the endomorph equally to the picnic. Now, Let's go to the man's biological fitness.

Okay? Let's have the body system as an arrangement of organs closely allied or related to each other to do particular job. So, napapansin natin, we have different body systems. Body systems, no?

Particularly, nadyaan ang cardiorespiratory system, no? Ang cardiovascular system and the respiratory system. The muscular system, the skeletal system, no?

At lahat ng iyan ay may mga particular job inside of our body. Next, the system is made up of organs, no? Ang tawag sa word na minimade up or binubuo ng mga organs, no?

Or the collection of tissues with similar function, ang tawag sa kanya ay system, okay? Kung meron tayong puso, atay, balong-balunan, mga intestines, so that is system. It is because it is made up of different organs.

Next, cell is the biological basis of life. So sabi nga, this is the biological basis of life, ang cell. So let's move on to the first one which is the skeletal system.

Ang una natin na napaperceive when we are hearing the word skeletal system ay mga buto-buto, tama? So, today we're going to define that. So, pag sinabi natin skeletal system, this protects the body organs, no?

Ito kumbaga yung cage na nagpoprotect sa mga organs natin, okay? And storing minerals that the body utilizes. Kaya nga, ang mga bones natin ay responsible to...

acquire no minerals. It's because ito yung parang nutrients na nagbibigay ng responsibility sa bone to grow. So without minerals, mahirap o mayihirapan ang katawan natin to grow. And this is the storing or the storage of mineral, no? And it provides form and structure for the muscle to work against, no?

Kung wala ang mga buto-buto natin or the skeletal system, mahirap o may hihirapan ang ating mga muscles to work, no? Kaya kailangan hand-in-hand sila ay nagtutulungan o sila ay magkaakibat sa mga execution na ginagawa ng ating mga katawan. And it supports the body.

So as you can see, this is our skeletal system. When I say anterior, this is actually the term we are using in anatomy. Pag sinabi natin anterior, this is kaharap at sa likod naman ang posterior.

As you can see, there are different parts of our body consisting the skeletal system. We have our skull. na matatagpuan sa ulo natin. We have the clavicle, sa ating shoulder, or sa ating part ng shoulder, the sternum, sa gitna ng ating ribs, pelvic girdle, and so on and so forth. As you can see, ito ang skeletal system.

Sabi ko nga kanina, hindi lang tayo nalilimit doon sa shoulder, sa chest, napakadaming part ng katawan natin, most especially sa skeletal system natin. skeletal system natin, it's because napakaraming bones, no? Na binubuo ang ating katawan.

As you can see, sobrang dami. Hindi lang yan ang bones na meron tayo. So, there are types of bones.

The first one is the long bones. Itong tinatawag nating long bones, no? Nandyan ang humerus, ulna, radius, fibula, tibia, femur, metacarpus, and phalanges. Ito yung mga habang mga buto na meron tayo, no? From the word itself, long bones.

Kapag sinabi naman natin yung short bones, ito yung may ikli, ito yung mga short. Like for example, it's our carpal bones and the tarsal bones. And we have also the flat bones.

Ito yung mga flat, no? For example, it's our skull, the ribs that we have. That's an example of flat bones, the sternum and the scapulae. So we have to note that thoracic...

cage protects the heart and lungs. As we say the word thoracic cage, ito yung nakapalibot sa ating lungs and heart. Ito yung binubuo ng labing dalawang pairs ng ribs. Twelve pairs of ribs with costal cartilages. Sila yung nagpoprotect.

They are the cage that protects our heart and the lungs. Of course, we have also the irregular bones. And example for that is a skull, our skull, vertebrae, and our hip.

And there's also what we call sesamoid bones. No, ang example dyan ay ang ating patelya. Next is our muscular system.

So, kung meron tayong skeletal system, of course, we have also the muscular system. Sabi ko nga, without the muscular system, hindi din kayang magtrabaho. isa ng ating skeletal system.

And, likewise, kapag wala ang ating skeletal system, hindi din makakapag-work ang ating muscular system. So, they work hand-in-hand, no? Sila ang magkasama sa trabaho natin.

Okay? Sa trabaho sa loob ng katawan natin. So, muscular system is a body system that is composed of skeletal muscles, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle tissue and functions in the movement Of our body or of materials through our body.

And it also maintains our posture. So kung halimbawa nakikita ninyo, no? Kung hindi ganun kadami o kalaki yung muscle na meron tayo, particularly doon sa medyo may kaliitan ng katawan, hindi ganun maganda ang posture nila, tama? They don't have a good posture.

Sorry for the term, no? Hindi maganda ang postures nila. It's because...

Kulang ang build up ng muscles nila. Kumbaga, ang gumagalaw lang o nagpa-function sa kanila ay ang kanilang mga skeletal system. Ang sabi ko nga, for us to have a good posture, maintain a good posture, kailangan meron tayong right amount of the bones, also right amount of muscles. So, they could work both or at the same time.

Now, pertaining to the types of the body that... We've discussed already. The first question is, why is it important to be familiarized with the body type that you have? Again, why is it important to be familiarized with the body type that you have? Bakit importante na malaman natin at maging familiar tayo sa body type na meron tayo?

To continue, our muscular system is also responsible for heat. Bakit kaya responsible ang ating muscular system for heat? It is because they are a system na nagkocontrol. sa ingit na naiintake o tinatanggap ng ating katawan. So as you can see, these are the common muscles that we have, the trapezius, the deltoids, ang deltoids na nandito sa gilid ng ating biceps.

So ito yung part na tinuturukan ng injection. Ito yung iniindikan na part. We have also the pectoralis, could be found on our chest, no?

We have also the biceps, rectus abdominis, abdominus, sorry, the obliques, and the quadriceps. Ang quadriceps natin, ito yung upper part ng ating leg, and under that is our hamstrings, no? Ano yung trapezius natin, outriceps, latissimus dorsi, obliques. And all of that, no, ay may mga ginagampan ng function.

inside of our body and you have to be familiarized with that because it's important na alam natin kung ano yung mga nagpa-function sa ating mga katawan. Next, kung meron tayong types ng bones, we have also three types of muscles. The first one is the cardiac muscles.

So ang cardiac muscles natin ay tinatawag natin involuntary muscles because these are muscles form the walls of the heart and contacts to circulate. the blood. So, they are responsible in the circulation of our blood. So, napaka-importante ng ginagampana ng ating cardiac muscles.

Next is our visceral or the smooth muscles, no? Ito naman ay involuntary muscles pa din and found in organs or organ system such as the digestive or respiratory system. Kumbaga, ang cardiac natin, from the word itself, no? Natatagpuan siya sa ating cardiovascular system. While ang visceral or smooth muscle ay sa digestive and respiratory system natin, okay?

And also, meron tayong skeletal muscles. So, these are the voluntary muscles, no? They are attached to the skeleton, no? With the ability to move.

Sila ang responsible para tayo ay makagalaw. Okay? That's the three types of muscle that we have. Okay, so this is the most muscular system, no? Number one is the cardiac muscle.

These muscles are the walls of the heart. As you can see, ayan yung part ng cardiac muscle kung saan ba siya makikita. And contrast to...

the body or the blood, no? Ayan, cardiac muscle. The next one here is the visceral or smooth muscle. Could be found in organs or organ systems such as the digestive or respiratory systems.

You can see on the picture, diyan natatagpuan ang ating visceral or ang ating mga smooth muscles. Lastly, our skeletal systems, or a skeletal muscle, sorry, is attached to the skeleton. And provide the skeleton with the ability to move, no?

Ito ay nakatouch sa ating mga bones, no? And napaka-importante na ginagampana ng mga skeletal muscles. It is because sila ang nagpa-function.

Sila ang dahilan kung bakit tayo nagpa-function, kung bakit tayo nag-move. And for your next question, how can you convince someone to also learn these concepts and acquire body awareness? Again, how can you convince someone to also learn these concepts and acquire body awareness?

Okay? So, that's the end of our presentation. Napaka-ikli lang ng presentation natin. And these are our references. And thank you for listening and participating.

And for your answers and responses, just comment your answer in our comment box, no? Sa ating comment section para mabasa ko. And remind ko lang.

Ang lahat that this is optional. It's up to you kung gusto ninyo magkaroon ng participation grade sa ating participation. But I am encouraging everyone to please participate in this discussion para magkaroon kayo ng participation points sa ating grades.

And if you have any questions, any clarifications, please let me know. Pwede kayo mag-message sa ating GC. Or i-comment ang inyong mga suggestion o kaya naman mga violent reactions sa ating comment section.

Okay? If you don't have any questions, let's call it a day. Thank you everyone for participating and for attending my class.

Again, this is Sir J. Picoro. Mag-iingat po ang lahat. Bye!