Conceptos de Desarrollo en Economía

Aug 4, 2024

Class 10th Economics: Chapter 1 - Development

What is Development?

  • Meaning of Development: Improvement from the previous state
  • Different people have different developmental goals
    • Farmer: Better prices
    • Laborer: Higher wages
    • Boy: Wants a car
    • Girl: Wants to be a singer

Perspectives of Development May Vary

  • Development for one may be destructive for another
    • Example: Dam construction

Income and Other Goals

  • Everyone wants money, but money is not everything
  • Goals are of two types: Materialistic and Non-materialistic
    • Materialistic: House, car, clothes
    • Non-materialistic: Equality, Freedom, Friendship, Love, Security, Respect

National Development

  • Individual developmental goals may vary
  • National development means improving the living standards of the country's citizens
  • Factors: Education, Medical care, Public facilities, Employment

Comparing Countries and States

  • Countries are usually compared based on their income
  • Per Capita Income: Total income of the country / Total population
  • Example: Formula to calculate per capita income of a country

World Development Report 2017

  • Definition of rich and poor countries
  • India's position: Between middle and poor countries
  • Criteria other than income: Freedom, Security, Health, Education, Equality

Income and Other Criteria

  • Example of Haryana, Kerala, and Bihar
    • Per Capita Income: Haryana is ahead
    • Other criteria: Infant Mortality Rate, Literacy Rate, Net Attendance Ratio
      • Kerala leads in these criteria

Money and Public Facilities

  • Money cannot buy all necessary things
    • Pollution-free environment, Infection prevention
  • Public Facilities: Education, Health, Security, Food, etc.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

  • A method to assess an individual's health status
  • Formula: Weight (kg) / Height (m)^2
  • BMI Categories: Under Nourished (<18), Nourished (18-25), Over Weighted (>25)

Human Development Report

  • Issued by United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
  • Comparison of countries: Income, Education, Health
  • Ranking based on Human Development Index (HDI)
    • India's rank in 2019: 131st

Sustainability of Development

  • Need to sustain development in the future
  • Avoid overuse of resources
  • Sustainable Development: Considering current and future needs

Conclusion

  • It is important to carry out development correctly
  • Different aspects and criteria should be taken into consideration
  • Need to focus on Sustainable Development