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Conceptos de Desarrollo en Economía
Aug 4, 2024
Class 10th Economics: Chapter 1 - Development
What is Development?
Meaning of Development: Improvement from the previous state
Different people have different developmental goals
Farmer: Better prices
Laborer: Higher wages
Boy: Wants a car
Girl: Wants to be a singer
Perspectives of Development May Vary
Development for one may be destructive for another
Example: Dam construction
Income and Other Goals
Everyone wants money, but money is not everything
Goals are of two types: Materialistic and Non-materialistic
Materialistic: House, car, clothes
Non-materialistic: Equality, Freedom, Friendship, Love, Security, Respect
National Development
Individual developmental goals may vary
National development means improving the living standards of the country's citizens
Factors: Education, Medical care, Public facilities, Employment
Comparing Countries and States
Countries are usually compared based on their income
Per Capita Income: Total income of the country / Total population
Example: Formula to calculate per capita income of a country
World Development Report 2017
Definition of rich and poor countries
India's position: Between middle and poor countries
Criteria other than income: Freedom, Security, Health, Education, Equality
Income and Other Criteria
Example of Haryana, Kerala, and Bihar
Per Capita Income: Haryana is ahead
Other criteria: Infant Mortality Rate, Literacy Rate, Net Attendance Ratio
Kerala leads in these criteria
Money and Public Facilities
Money cannot buy all necessary things
Pollution-free environment, Infection prevention
Public Facilities: Education, Health, Security, Food, etc.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
A method to assess an individual's health status
Formula: Weight (kg) / Height (m)^2
BMI Categories: Under Nourished (<18), Nourished (18-25), Over Weighted (>25)
Human Development Report
Issued by United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
Comparison of countries: Income, Education, Health
Ranking based on Human Development Index (HDI)
India's rank in 2019: 131st
Sustainability of Development
Need to sustain development in the future
Avoid overuse of resources
Sustainable Development: Considering current and future needs
Conclusion
It is important to carry out development correctly
Different aspects and criteria should be taken into consideration
Need to focus on Sustainable Development
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