Hi everyone, the first world war was a war event that took place on July 28, 1914 to November 11, 1918, this war took place between the two world powers at that time, namely between France and the German Empire or commonly referred to as the Allied Bloc for France and the central block. for the German Empire, the two blocs were supported by their respective allied countries, France was supported by the United Kingdom and Russia while the German Empire was supported by the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. You could say that the First World War was less popular than the Second World War, but the first world war is still important for us to know, in video this time I will discuss in outline why the first world war had happened and how the political situation in post-war world. I will discuss from the background of the war to the results after the war, so don't skip the video to understand the content of this video. If anything is missing from this video, please comment below okay. Background of world war 1 The First World War began when the hegemony of the Sultanate was weakened The Ottoman Turks in the early 19th century in Europe, especially the Balkans, the weakening of Ottoman power was driven by the increasing nationalist feeling in several areas under the Ottoman Empire who wanted independence, these areas were able to rebel against the Ottoman government because they received support from the Ottoman Empire. European countries Serbia, Montenegro, Greece, Albania, and Bulgaria are former territories of the Ottoman Empire as a sign of Ottoman hegemony in the Balkans After the Ottoman Empire weakened, meanwhile Germany was able to defeat the French empire in the Franco-Prussian war of 1870, finally Germany become a new power in Europe and forming the German Empire under the leadership of Prussia although previously Germany experienced a civil war with the Austrian Empire in the war Astro-Prussia in 1866 The impact the establishment of Monarchy double by the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary After the Austrian Empire lost Kingdom of Prussia, finally the Austrian Empire with the Kingdom of Hungary forming monarchy Austro-Hungary in 1867 Otto von Bismarck was chancellor German who runs the German foreign policy after the formation of the German Empire, in 1873 Otto von Bismarck made the league 3 Emperor to invite Russia and Austro-Hungary and Germany alone to form alliances this is in response to German fears if the two countries are in alliance with France So Bismark quickly took action because of the threat of revenge from France The main goal of the alliance was to control Eastern Europe and the Balkans in the Southeast to compete with the Turkish Sultanate The Ottomans in the Balkans, the alliance slowly faded due to Austro-Hungarians taking the territory of Bosnia-Herzegovina without the approval of alliance members, especially Russia, which had been desperately fighting the Ottoman Empire. Finally, the alliance was dissolved in 1878 with the exit of Russia from the alliance. This means that the alliance was left with only two countries, namely Germany and Austro-Hungary, which was called a double alliance which was formed on October 7, 1879. Italy was eyeing the territory of the Ottoman Empire. At the same time, it was competing with France for parts of Africa. The north finally joined the German and Austro-Hungarian Alliance on 20 May 1882 which was called the Triple Alliance. Russia, which no longer had an alliance, finally made peace with the United Kingdom regarding the dispute over the colonial area. In 1880 this was Russia's way of approaching France, which previously France had been good friends with the United Kingdom, Germany saw that Russia began to approach the United Kingdom and France invited the 1887 people to negotiate in the Reinsurance Treaty, which contained Russia to remain neutral if France suddenly attacked Germany. . Otto Von Bismarck continues to work for Russia remains aligned to the German and worried about the spread of French power Date June 15, 1888 the Crown Prince Willhelm II ascended the throne to replace his father Frederick III as Emperor of the German chancellor Otto Von Bismarck should be retired in 1890 and replaced chancellor of new Leo von Caprivi This was considered an opportunity for France to persuade Russia to want to cancel the Reinsurance Treaty Because the agreement was made with Otto von Bismarck not with Leo von Caprivi The French plan finally succeeded in 1894 by forming an alliance with Russia in the French-Russian alliance, and 10 years later in 1904 France forged an alliance with Britain in the Entente Cordiale, with this France would easily become a moderator of peace between Russia and Britain in territorial disputes over the colonies. ideals of the French to unite Russia and Britain succeeded on August 31, 1907 in the Anglo-Russian convention Relations multilateral established between the three countries were eventually formed the Triple Entente to rival the Triple Alliance Russia already have alliances began to meddle matter of borders in the Balkans because it is not want to lose with Austro-Hungarians who also want the region. The Ottoman Turks also wanted to take back the territory that was once controlled by the Ottoman Turks, in 1911 Italy took the territory of the Ottoman Turks in northern Africa. The Ottomans who had no alliances continued to be cornered by Russia, thus making the Ottoman Turks' territory slowly dwindle. In 1912 to 1913 there was a war in the Balkans. the goal is to antagonize the Ottoman Empire, which previously Russia pushed four countries to form the Balkan League consisting of Serbia, Montenegro, Greece, and Bulgaria, for those who don't know the Balkan wars, just watch this video. .... Phase of the war on June 28, 1914 after the Balkan war, the second prince from Austro-Hungarian was visiting Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia, the Prince named Franz Ferdinand Karl Ludwig Joseph Maria or commonly known as Franz Ferdinand He is the heir to the throne of the Austro kingdom -Hungary reportedly Prince Franz shot viciously with his wife by Mlada Bosna or the Bosnian Youth when they arrived in Sarajevo while in a convoy and finally Prince Franz . And finally Prince Franz died at age 50 years Mlada Bosna a youth group which consisted of 6 members, namely Cvjetko Popovic, Mohammed Mehemed Basic, Nadeljko Cabrinovic, Trifko Grabez, Vaso Cubrilovic and Gavrilo Princip of the six members of the Gavrilo Principlah who managed to guess the Prince Franz and his wife while others detonated grenades to create a ruckus first Reportedly Mlada Bosna's group was funded by the Balck Hand of Serbia due to Serbia's distaste when Austro-Hungary annexed South Slavic territory from the Ottoman Empire with the aim of having Serbia take control of the region and merge the Balkans into Yugoslavia after Prince's death Franz is told that there are two opinions, namely the first opinion regarding the response of ordinary Austrian citizens as if nothing had happened because they considered Prince Franz not the sole heir to the Austro-Hungarian kingdom. Arguments both said after the death of the prince riots in Vienna the Austrian capital all Austrian citizens gathered to call for an anti-Serbian who produce unrest in Bosnia-Herzegovina and ended with the capture and murder of Serbs in Bosnia After the incident resulted in the diplomatic maneuvering massive state -European superpowers Germany, Russia, France, England, and Austro-Hungary itself, the 5 countries held negotiations which became the point of discussion in the discussion, the Austro-Hungarian Kingdom accused Serbia of being involved in the assassination of Prince Franz and Austro-Hungary wanted Serbia not to Don't interfere with Bosnian territory, the incident is known as the July Crisis. The Ottoman Empire was already considered a sick country in Europe in the early 20th century. It was also experiencing uncertainty as a sovereign and large country. The number of coups in the Ottoman government coupled with the lack of solid military power. er as the reason the Ottoman Empire always lost in wars that had previously threatened the integrity of the country this situation was exploited by several regions who wanted to be separated from the Ottoman Empire, especially in the Middle East The background to the participation of the Ottoman Empire in the first world war was after the coup on January 23, 1913 carried out by the CUP group or the Committee of Union and Progress CUP led by 3 Pashas namely Enver Psha, Talat Pasha and Cemal Pasha, in their hands the Ottoman Empire began to choose sides in the first world war, whether to join the Allied Bloc or the German Central Powers, immediately responded quickly to respond Enver Pasha who as Ottoman Minister of War 4 months after the German coup sent his cavalry general Otto Von Sanders to train Enver Pasha's troops Seeing that Germany had entered into a shadow alliance with the Ottoman Empire Infuriated Russia with the Ottoman Empire Russia planned to attack the port an Trabzon and Bayezid City However, Russia experienced a relationship because it was still dependent on the Ottoman strait gallipoli region which became the route for Russian exports to northern Africa. Russia was looking for the best solution by using Mehmed Talat Pasha, who was willing to be invited to diplomacy After the first world war erupted the Ottoman Empire pursued a policy of two legs to overseas other hand, the Ottomans would be invited to cooperate with the German military but refused to open diplomatic relations with Russia dated July 22, 1914 Enver Pasha offered an alliance openly and publicly to Germany via the German embassy in Constantinople, but it was rejected by Baron von Wangenheim because the Germans still think how strong the Ottomans are? Even with the broken up countries, they still lost the war, especially against the European superpowers. Emperor Wilhelm II asked his subordinates to review the Ottoman request for military cooperation. On that basis, negotiations were held on July 28, 1914 between the German Government and Enver Pasha, Talat Pasha and Said Halim Pasha who were wet from The results of these negotiations were that Germany would promise to defend Ottoman territory if threatened, the Ottomans would join the war if Germany and Austro-Hungary were attacked, the Ottomans would be totally at war if Bulgaria joined the Ottomans in supporting Germany and Austro-Hungary from that Germany started supplying tools. military for the Ottomans Meanwhile, Austro-Hungarians who were already furious with Serbia finally sent an ultimatum to Serbia which contained 10 demands from Austro-Hungary to Serbia which they felt would be difficult for Serbia to fulfill. After getting these demands, the crown prince Alexander I who would later become king in Yogoslavia went to Russia to meet Sergey Sazonov and Russian King Nicholas II, King Alexander I asked Russia for support in order to pressure Austro-Hungary to withdraw his demands, however, the King of Russia Instead, he suggested Serbia to comply with these demands, with a very heavy feeling that Serbia finally agreed to fulfill all of the ultimatum except for point 6, which stated that Serbia must allow the Austro-Hungarian delegation to participate in investigating the case of Prince Franz Ferdinand's death. The most important part of the 10 ultimatums for the Austro-Hungarian Kingdom, because Serbia was unable to fulfill the 10 ultimatums, Austro-Hungary finally cut diplomatic relations with Serbia on July 28, 1914 Austro-Hungary took action to invade Serbian territory as a sign of the outbreak of the World War II. First 2 days after the Austro-Hungarian attack on Serbia, Russia declared to support Serbia and mobilized its troops to attack Austro-Hungary. However, Russia's actions were detained by Germany so that Russia would not interfere in Serbia, Germany invited Russia to remain neutral even though Germany sided with the Austro-Hungarians. Hungary but Germany's call for Neutrality was rejected by Russia, Russia decided to attack Austro-Hungary to defend Serbia, seeing that Germany finally declared war on Russia on August 1, 1914. Although Germany was fighting Russia, France was asked to remain neutral from Germany and Russia, France responded. By ordering his troops to retreat 10 km from the border , however, France still mobilized its troops to anticipate a sudden attack from Germany on August 2, 1914. In fact, France already knew that Germany would attack via Luxembourg and Belgium. Germany had prepared its troops in various corners of the West. and East of the border, it was then responded by the British with the sentence "Britain will remain neutral as long as Germany does not attack France." Germany, who knew very well that attacking Russia meant inviting France to war, finally on the same day Germany declared war on France as predicted by France. England finally defended France to declare war on Germany the August 4th, 1914 And the next day on August 5 Germany invaded Belgium in the Gulf war which was won by the German goal of these attacks is to simplify Germany's entry into France via the Belgian although Germany has been at war, the Ottoman fixed neutral because Bulgaria did not want to go to war, Italy did not like the Ottoman Turks, who began to be close to Germany, making Italy turn to the Allies by joining France. The Ottoman-Bulgarian Alliance was formed on August 19, 1914 after Germany gave its warships SMS Goeben and SMS Breslau to the Ottoman Navy. After the Ottomans, it would drag Bulgaria into war if the Ottomans joined Germany in fighting against the Allies, August 1914 could be considered a lucky month for Germany in the first World War because during August Germany never lost and forced the Allied Powers to retreat for a moment but Germany's success did not offset by Austro-Hungarians who had to lose to Russia in the battle of Galicia on the Eastern Front on August 23, 1914, Germany suffered its first defeat At the first battle of the Marne on September 5, 1914 against the combined forces of France and Britain. This war also dragged the battles of the respective colonies countries, namely in Africa and the Middle East Turkey associated both with England finally broke after closing the Strait of Ottoman Turkey as firmness to the Russians, the British responded by breaking diplomatic relations with Turkey Due preferring to side with Russia, dated 5 November 1914 the British and French menyat to the war against the Ottomans and Turkey responded on 11 November 1914 by declaring war on the Allied Bloc, the Ottoman Turks had to lose to Russia in the Sarikamish battle on 22 December 1914 Entering 1915 the Allied Bloc strengthened the military in its colonies Making the Allied Bloc stronger, plus Italy who joined the Allies will be easier to destroy the Central Powers, we see the war against Austro-Hungary in the battle of Isonzo on July 23, 1915 and won by Italy, After that the Ottoman Turks fought back with Russia on July 27, 1915 in the battle of Kara Killise As well as being involved in a major battle with the British in Gallipoli, Serbia, who still held grudges with Bulgaria after the Balkan war II and still longed for Macedonian territory, finally attacked Bulgaria in Operation Ovche Pole on October 14, 1915, however, Bulgaria was still alert and able to deter Serbia . The center that dominates da in the war because many wars were won by the Central Powers, it continued in the battle of the Somme July 1-13 November 1916 where Germany was again beaten by the combined French and British troops, Romania tried to take advantage of this situation by invading Austro-Hungarian territory in the Battle of Transylvania 27 August 1916 but Austro-Hungarian and German were able to repress Allied attacks well. Entering 1917 Germany was more comfortable with its attacks on the Allied Powers and began to attack the enemy with submarines, Germany's expansion with U-Boats to the North Atlantic This made America The union was provoked to join Britain against Germany In the same year Russia was facing internal problems in its political body, making Russia have to lose and surrender to the Central Powers, Russia withdrew from the battle causing Russia to lose most of its territory, the coup experienced by Russia would later give birth to a country new huh That was the Soviet Union, Russia's exit from its alliance with France did not loosen the Allied Blocks of America who hated Seeing Germany's behavior with its U-Boat operation finally declaring war on Germany on April 6, 1917, you could say America's joining in the war made the Allied Bloc stronger, the article was in 1917 The Central Powers were suffering defeat, the most painful defeat for the Ottoman Turks was when the Ottoman and German troops lost to the British joint forces in the battle of Gaza on November 1, 1917, finally on November 7, 1917 Gaza had to be released into the hands of the British, the weak situation of the Central Powers was used by America to attacked Austro-Hungary on December 7, 1917 Entering 1918 Germany planned to end the war with the ultimate war in March 1918 but failed to enter August 8, 1918, the battle of Amiens occurred and Germany suffered a major defeat making the Ottoman Turks surrender and withdraw from The war was followed by Austro-Hungarian on November 3, 1918, the collapse of the Central Powers made Max von Baden the German chancellor to negotiate with France on November 11, 1918, after the German alliance declared an armistice and the leader of the German Emperor Wilhelm II resigned from his post on November 18, 1918 . war Seeing Germany began to invite the Allies to peace finally Austro-Hungary declared disbandment on November 11, 1918 following the end of the First World War, in January 1919 Germany held a peace convention in Paris, and July 28, 1919 the Treaty of Versailles was held As a sign of peace between Germany and the Allies and Germany was responsible for all the losses from the war that gave birth to the organization of the League of Nations on August 11, 1919 the German Empire changed the constitution which would later become the forerunner of Nazi Germany in the years to come Germany and Turkey lost a lot of territory so that new countries emerged in Africa, the Middle East and Europe East while the Austro-Hungarian dispersed territory partially joined Germany and other areas to form the Republic of Austria and the Republic of Hungary separately Ottoman Empire had to collapse in 1922 and a transitional government until it formally became the Republic of Turkey in 1924 as we know up to now while Meanwhile, from the Allied Powers of France, Britain and Italy, they further expanded their colonies which were taken from the territory of the French Central Powers to get territory in the western part of Africa while Britain in the Middle East and southern Africa and Italy part of the Austrian territory and the northern and eastern African territories while After that, Serbia became the ruler of the Balkans after the end of the First World War. Serbia merged the Balkans into the kingdom of Yugoslavia on December 1, 1918 and appointed Pieter I as king of Yugoslavia Adolf Hitler became German chancellor in 1933 as well as used the German Fuhrer for the Nazi party that transformed Germany. becoming a totalitarian state will later raise the German military through the Nazi party after Germany was humiliated by the Allies in the first world war it will trigger the Second World War 20 years after the first world war Okay guys, it's been a while, don't forget to leave a comment below, see you next