Overview of Oral Antidiabetic Agents

Aug 7, 2024

Oral Antidiabetic Agents Lecture Notes

Introduction

  • Presenter: Cathy from LevelUp RN
  • Topic: Oral Antidiabetic Agents
  • Materials: Pharmacology second edition flashcards
  • Features: Quiz and blooper reel at the end

Key Points

  • Oral antidiabetic agents are for Type 2 diabetes only.
    • Type 1 diabetes patients are insulin-dependent.
  • Common Side Effect: Hypoglycemia.
    • Medications lower blood sugar levels; too high a dose can cause hypoglycemia.
    • Symptoms of hypoglycemia: tachycardia, diaphoresis, shakiness, headache, weakness.

Drug Classes and Medications

Sulfonylureas

  • Medications: Glipizide, Glyburide
  • Mechanism: Increase insulin release from the pancreas
  • Contraindication: Sulfa allergy
  • Side Effects:
    • Hypoglycemia
    • Photosensitivity
    • GI upset
  • Patient Teaching:
    • Take 30 minutes before a meal
    • Avoid alcohol
    • Wear sunscreen
  • Mnemonic: "Sliding down a slide" to remember blood sugar levels drop and photosensitivity.

Meglitinides

  • Medications: Repaglinide
  • Mechanism: Increase insulin release from the pancreas
  • Side Effects:
    • Hypoglycemia
    • Angina
  • Patient Teaching:
    • Take three times a day
    • Eat within 30 minutes of taking the medication
  • Mnemonic: "Pageant" - chest pain (angina) and hypoglycemia symptoms mistaken for stage fright.

Biguanides

  • Medications: Metformin
  • Mechanism: Decrease glucose production in the liver, increase glucose uptake by body cells
  • Side Effects:
    • GI upset
    • Metallic taste
    • Lactic acidosis (diarrhea, dizziness, hypotension, weakness, bradycardia)
  • Patient Teaching:
    • Take with a meal
    • Avoid alcohol
    • Discontinue 48 hours before procedures requiring NPO or contrast dye
  • Mnemonic: "Foreman with a metal thermos" to remember metallic taste and lactic acidosis symptoms.

Quiz Questions

  1. True or False: Oral antidiabetics can be used for both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
    • Answer: False
  2. Key side effect of many oral antidiabetic agents?
    • Answer: Hypoglycemia
  3. Which oral antidiabetic agent carries a risk for lactic acidosis?
    • Answer: Metformin

Conclusion

  • Encouragement to like, comment, and subscribe.
  • Mention of blooper reel for a good laugh.
  • Bloopers: Cathy struggles with pronouncing medication names.
  • Call to Action: Subscribe, share, like, and comment.