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Graphics Types and File Formats

Oct 25, 2025

Overview

This lecture explains the differences between vector graphics and raster graphics, highlighting their structures, uses, and file types.

Vector Graphics

  • Vector images are created using points, lines, curves, and shapes defined by mathematical equations.
  • They remain crisp and clear at any size because the elements are recalculated when scaled.
  • Vector images usually have smaller file sizes due to storing instructions, not actual pixels.
  • Vectors are ideal for designs like logos and signage that require resizing without loss of quality.

Raster Graphics

  • Raster images are made up of tiny units called pixels that form the complete picture.
  • When zoomed in, raster images become grainy and lose clarity due to visible pixels.
  • Higher pixel counts in raster images allow for more detail, but also increase file size.
  • Raster graphics are suited for detailed and realistic images, like photographs and digital paintings.

File Types

  • Common vector file types: SVG, AI, EPS.
  • Common raster file types: JPEG, PNG, GIF.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Vector Graphics — Images constructed from mathematical formulas using points, lines, and shapes.
  • Raster Graphics — Images built from a grid of colored pixels.
  • Pixel — The smallest individual part of a raster image, like a digital dot.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Review examples of vector and raster images for visual comparison.
  • Identify and list file types used in your own digital projects.