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RMF Overview for Risk Management

Nov 23, 2025

Overview

NIST SP 800-37 Rev. 2 provides the Risk Management Framework (RMF) for managing security and privacy risk across the system life cycle.

Publication Details

  • Title: Risk Management Framework for Information Systems and Organizations
  • Series: NIST Special Publication 800-37 Rev. 2
  • Date Published: December 2018
  • Authors: Joint Task Force
  • Supersedes: SP 800-37 Rev. 1; CSWP 3
  • Focus: System life cycle approach integrating security and privacy

RMF Purpose and Scope

  • Provides disciplined, structured, flexible process for security and privacy risk management.
  • Applies to information systems and organizations at multiple risk management levels.
  • Integrates with system development life cycle for continuous protection.

Core Activities and Outcomes

  • Categorize information security and privacy risk to set protection priorities.
  • Select, implement, and assess controls, including system-specific and common controls.
  • Authorize systems and common controls; support ongoing authorization.
  • Monitor continuously to enable near real-time risk management decisions.
  • Link system-level risk processes to organization-level risk governance.
  • Establish responsibility and accountability for implemented and inherited controls.
  • Provide senior leaders information for efficient, cost-effective decisions.

Control and Governance Focus Areas

  • Emphasizes continuous monitoring to maintain ongoing authorization status.
  • Encourages preparation activities to execute RMF at appropriate levels.
  • Supports alignment with missions and business functions for risk-informed operations.

Control Families

  • Assessment, Authorization and Monitoring
  • Configuration Management
  • Planning
  • Program Management
  • Risk Assessment

Keywords and Roles

  • Key processes: assess; categorize; monitor; ongoing authorization; risk assessment; risk management.
  • Artifacts: control baseline; plan of action and milestones; security plan; security assessment report; privacy plan; privacy assessment report.
  • Roles: authorizing official; control assessor; information owner or steward; risk executive function; senior agency information security officer; senior agency official for privacy; system owner; system security officer; system privacy officer.
  • Control types: security control; privacy control; system-specific control; common control; hybrid control.

Related Topics and Context

  • Security and Privacy: audit and accountability; continuous monitoring; controls; planning; risk assessment.
  • Applications: cybersecurity framework.
  • Laws and Regulations: Executive Order 13800; FISMA; HSPD-7; OMB Circular A-130.

Document Access and History

  • Publication DOI: 10.6028/NIST.SP.800-37r2
  • Download: NIST.SP.800-37r2.pdf
  • Supplemental Material: None available

Document History Table

DateMilestone
09/28/2017SP 800-37 Rev. 2 (Draft)
05/09/2018SP 800-37 Rev. 2 (Draft)
10/02/2018SP 800-37 Rev. 2 (Draft)
12/20/2018SP 800-37 Rev. 2 (Final)

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Risk Management Framework (RMF): Structured process linking system and organizational risk activities, including authorization and monitoring.
  • Common Control: Control inherited by multiple systems from a provider, authorized at an enterprise level.
  • Ongoing Authorization: Authorization approach maintained through continuous monitoring data and risk updates.
  • Plan of Action and Milestones (POA&M): Document tracking remediation tasks for identified risks and weaknesses.
  • Control Baseline: Predefined set of controls selected for a system’s impact level.
  • Privacy Risk: Potential for individuals to experience problems from data processing that affects privacy.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Align system development life cycle activities with RMF tasks and artifacts.
  • Establish roles and responsibilities for security and privacy governance.
  • Implement continuous monitoring to support near real-time risk decisions.
  • Prepare organizational processes to execute RMF at appropriate levels.
  • Maintain authorization packages with current assessment and monitoring results.