Overview
This lecture reviews types of oxygen delivery devices, their flow rates, FiO2 levels, and special considerations for patient safety.
Oxygen Delivery Device Basics
- Nasal cannula provides oxygen at a set flow rate measured in liters per minute (LPM).
- FiO2 (Fraction of Inspired Oxygen) is the percentage of oxygen in the air delivered to the patient.
- Room air contains 21% FiO2.
- Low-flow devices (like nasal cannula) deliver variable FiO2 depending on patient's breathing pattern.
High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC)
- HFNC can deliver Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) to keep alveoli open.
- HFNC aids in CO2 removal and provides heated, humidified oxygen.
- Standard nasal cannulas do not provide humidification unless a humidifier is added.
Device-Specific Considerations
- For COPD patients, do not exceed 2 LPM with a nasal cannula for NCLEX scenarios.
- Simple face masks offer higher FiO2 than nasal cannulas and are suitable for mouth-breathing patients.
- Venturi masks allow precise adjustment of FiO2; ideal device for COPD patients.
- Non-rebreather masks should not be used for extended periods and require a high flow rate to keep the bag inflated.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Nasal Cannula — A device that delivers low-flow oxygen through two small prongs in the nostrils.
- FiO2 — Fraction of Inspired Oxygen; the percent of oxygen in the air mixture delivered to the patient.
- PEEP — Positive End-Expiratory Pressure; keeps alveoli open during breathing.
- High Flow Nasal Cannula — A system that provides heated, humidified oxygen with potential PEEP.
- Venturi Mask — Oxygen mask allowing precise control of delivered FiO2.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review flow rates and FiO2 ranges for each device.
- Memorize which devices are preferred for COPD patients and why.
- Check assigned readings on oxygen therapy protocols.