Understanding the Region Today Using History

May 29, 2024

Understanding the Region Today Using History

Asian Economic History that Captures Local Energy

Assistant Professor Atsushi Kobayashi

Overview

  • Lecture delivered by Assistant Professor Atsushi Kobayashi at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University.
  • Focuses on Modern Asian Economic History, particularly the 19th century economic development of Southeast Asia.

Research Focus

  • Examines international trade and finance in Southeast Asia during the 19th century.
  • Interested in the economic drivers behind these phenomena.

Influence of British Industrial Revolution on Singapore's Economy

  • Singapore was a British colony: large quantities of British goods entered and were distributed throughout Southeast Asia.
  • Sources: Business newspapers like The Singapore Free Press.
  • Example: Prices of British cotton garments (gray shirtings) in 1850 ($2.2-$2.4) and 1864 ($3.5-$6).
  • Observations: Long-term price trends show initial decrease post-Industrial Revolution, a sharp increase during the American Civil War due to raw cotton supply disruption.

Impact of the American Civil War on Singapore's Economy

  • Raw cotton supply disruption led to increased prices of cotton garments in Singapore.
  • Demonstrates the global impact of distant events on local markets.

Influence of the American Gold Rush on Singapore's Economy

  • 19th century Asia widely used silver coins.
  • Trade statistics: Singapore's silver coin imports in 1847 (zero), 1857 (significant imports from Britain and France).
  • Gold rushes in California and Australia: New gold increased European money circulation. Europe exported silver coins to Asia.
  • Silver coin usage in Laos and Japan: Singapore facilitated the spread of silver coins, stimulating the economic activities and trade in Asia.

Reassessment of Southeast Asian History

  • Traditional view describes 19th-century Southeast Asia negatively due to Western colonization.
  • Economic data reveals active local participation in driving the economy.
  • A continuous, long-term economic development perspective offers a more positive view.
  • Understanding historical economic developments helps connect to the modern economy.

Importance of Historical Perspective

  • Acknowledge the significance of historical documents.
  • Emphasizes the importance of a Southeast Asia-centered historical perspective.
  • Fieldwork: Combines historical documents with direct observation of current societies and cultures.
  • Case study: Sarawak State, Malaysia (impact of deforestation on local lives).
  • Direct observations enrich an Asia-centered historical perspective, allowing for a clearer understanding of regional economic history and development.