Climate Change, Global Warming, Ozone Layer Depletion, and Acid Rain

Climate Change

Ongoing phenomenon, visible through the continuously increasing temperature of the Earth.
Defined as the average weather condition of an area over a long period (typically 30 years).
Evidence from IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) showing temperature rise of more than 2°C across various regions.
Poles experience the maximum temperature rise.
Main contributors: greenhouse gases (CFCs, methane, nitrous oxide, CO2, water vapor).
Key factors: deforestation, industrial pollution.

CO2 (Carbon Dioxide): Major contributor (~5% of global warming), released from burning fossil fuels and deforestation.
CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons): Most effective, remaining in the atmosphere for 65-70 years, contributing to ~15% of global warming.
Methane: Contributes to 20% of global warming, released from agriculture and waste.
Nitrous Oxide: Contributes to 6% of global warming, released from fertilizers and other industrial processes.

Rising sea levels affecting low-lying areas and islands like Lakshadweep.
Impact on agriculture: changes in crop production, both positive and negative effects.
Increase in disease proliferation due to the rise in temperature.

Ozone in the stratosphere prevents harmful UV radiation from reaching the Earth.
CFCs cause significant ozone depletion, creating ozone holes, especially noticeable over the Antarctic region.
Harmful effects of UV radiation: increases in skin cancer, eye damage, and negative impacts on crops and marine life.

Formed when pollutants (SO2 and NO2) from industries combine with rainwater to form sulfuric and nitric acid.
Effects: damages buildings, statues, metals, aquatic life, and soils, leading to significant economic losses.
Prevention measures: pollution control, use of cleaner technologies, and materials that can withstand acidic conditions.

Discussed major global environmental issues: climate change, global warming, ozone depletion, and acid rain.
Key causes include greenhouse gases, industrial activities, and pollution.
Effects are far-reaching, impacting health, agriculture, and ecosystems.

Next discussion will focus on international agreements and environmental legislation in India.
Aim for sustainable practices to mitigate these environmental challenges.