Introduction to the Periodic Table

Key Points:

• Instructor: Radhika Gupta
• Topic: Periodic Table
• Objective: Techniques to memorize various elements, understanding of groups and periods

Classification of Elements

• Among the total 118 elements, some are metals, metalloids, and non-metals.
• Elements are classified as natural and artificial.

Historical Periodic Table

• Dobereiner's Triads: Grouping elements into sets of three.
• Newlands' Octaves: Every eighth element is similar to the first.
• Mendeleev's Periodic Table: Arranged elements according to atomic mass.

Modern Periodic Table

• Basis: Arranged according to atomic number.
• Structure:
  • 7 Periods
  • 18 Groups
• Main Groups:
  • S Block: Group 1 and 2 (Metals)
  • P Block: Group 13 to 18 (Non-metals)
  • D Block: Group 3 to 12 (Transition Metals)
  • F Block: Lanthanides and Actinides

Rules and Trends of the Periodic Table

• Metallic and Non-metallic Character:
  • Metallic character increases downwards (top to bottom)
  • Non-metallic character increases upwards (bottom to top)
• Atomic Radius:
  • Increases from top to bottom
  • Increases from right to left
• Electronegativity:
  • Increases from left to right
  • Increases from bottom to top

Tricks to Memorize the Periodic Table

• Group 1 (S Block): Halina Ki Rab Se Fariyad
• Group 2 (S Block): Beta Mange Car Scooter Aap Raji
• Group 13 (P Block): Bal Gayatri
• Group 14 (P Block): Kahani Sita Ji Suno Prabhu
• Group 15 (P Block): Nepal Pakistan Australia Sab Bhikhari
• Group 16 (P Block): Old Style Se Typo
• Group 17 (P Block): Phir Kal Bahar Aayi Aunty
• Group 18 (P Block): Hina Meena Kareena

Failures of the Periodic Table

• Mendeleev's Limitations:
  • Incorrect position of hydrogen
  • Incorrect order of some elements
  • Did not accurately determine the position of electronegativity and other elements

Conclusion

Tricks are used to understand and memorize the periodic table, which can be helpful for systematic knowledge of elements and exams.