Anatomical Terminology and Study Techniques

Aug 26, 2024

Lecture Notes: Anatomical Terminology and Study Tips

Upcoming Assignments

  • Post-Lab Exercise One: Due Monday, August 24th (Complete only one out of possible four exercises).
  • Pre-Lab Exercise: Due Monday, August 24th (Complete one).
  • Engage Quiz: Access via Engage Link, not visible directly in Canvas.

Study Tips: Using Flashcards

  • Use flashcards for learning and testing yourself on terminology.
  • Employ repetition and retrieval practice.
    • Test yourself multiple times a day without looking at the answers.
    • Ensure you confidently recall information before considering it mastered.
  • Understand the difference between recognition and recall for tests.

Anatomical Models

  • She-Man Model: A dual-gender model used throughout the semester for muscles, tendons, ligaments, anatomical markings, digestive, cardiac, and respiratory systems.

Anatomical Directions

  • Terms must be used in reference to another area of the body:
    • Superior (up) vs. Inferior (down)
    • Anterior (front) vs. Posterior (back)
    • Medial (middle) vs. Lateral (side)
    • Proximal (close to) vs. Distal (far from)
    • Superficial (surface) vs. Deep (inside)
    • Contralateral (opposite side) vs. Ipsilateral (same side)
  • Anatomical Position: Standing erect, palms forward, used for reference in anatomical directions.

Anatomical Planes

  • Frontal Plane: Divides body into front (anterior) and back (posterior).
  • Sagittal Plane: Divides body into right and left.
    • Mid-sagittal: Equal halves.
    • Parasagittal: Unequal halves.
  • Transverse Plane: Divides body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior).
  • Oblique Plane: Cuts at an angle.

Cavities and Membranes

  • Dorsal Cavity: Contains brain and spinal cord; lined by meninges.
  • Ventral Cavity: Divided by diaphragm into thoracic and abdominopelvic; lined by serous membrane.
    • Thoracic Cavity: Contains heart (pericardial cavity) and lungs (pleural cavities).
  • Serous Membrane Layers:
    • Visceral Layer: Adheres to organs.
    • Parietal Layer: Lines the cavity.
    • Serous Fluid: Between layers to reduce friction.

Anatomical Regions and Quadrants

  • Abdominopelvic Regions: Nine regions (e.g., umbilical, lumbar, epigastric, hypogastric/pubic).
  • Abdominopelvic Quadrants: Four quadrants (RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ).
  • Organ Placement: Familiarity with regions and quadrants is key for identifying organ locations.

Organ Systems Overview

  • Skeletal, Muscular, Endocrine, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Reproductive Systems: Brief overview of functions and major organs.
  • System Identification: Recognize structures and their respective systems, e.g., pituitary (endocrine), thyroid (endocrine), adrenal (endocrine), kidneys (urinary).

Study and Review Strategies

  • Repeat terms and anatomical directions aloud.
  • Use visual aids and models for practice.
  • Refer to textbook pages for detailed images and descriptions.

Additional Resources

  • Page references provided for detailed textbook images related to each system and anatomical concept discussed.

Class Reminders

  • Read manual and textbook for detailed study.
  • Utilize Canvas for accessing lecture recordings and additional resources.