12th Boards Chemistry Revision

General Instructions

1. Join the session: Share the session link for more students to benefit.
2. Session Plan: A one-shot session covering Amines thoroughly, including a quick test after the chapter.
3. Upcoming Topics:
   • Electrochemistry starts on Sunday at 12:30 PM in special classes.
   • Plan to complete Physical Chemistry in 3-4 classes.
   • Aim to ensure thorough preparation for 12th boards.
4. Special Session Details:
   • Special class test on Sunday, 5:00-5:30 PM.
   • Use the QR code to enroll.
   • Sessions are free using the MB Live code.
   • Detailed plan to teach reaction conversions and techniques thoroughly.
   • Additional practice tests for students who complete their lessons.
5. Motivation: I will guide students till the 12th boards. Ensure concerted preparation with confidence.

Class Structure: Amines

1. Classification of Amines:

   • Primary (1° Amines): Replace one hydrogen in ammonia with an alkyl group.
   • Secondary (2° Amines): Replace two hydrogens in ammonia with alkyl groups.
   • Tertiary (3° Amines): Replace three hydrogens in ammonia with alkyl groups.

2. Further Classifications:

   • Aliphatic Amines: Hydrogen replaced by alkyl group.
   • Aromatic Amines: Hydrogen replaced by aryl group like benzene.
   • Simple Amines: Same alkyl group substituted.
   • Mixed Amines: Different alkyl groups substituted.

3. Preparation Methods:

   • Reduction of Nitro Compounds: Fe/HCl or H2/Pd.
   • Ammonolysis of Alkyl Halides: Excess ammonia gives 1° amines.
   • Reduction of Nitriles and Amides: Using reducing agents such as LiAlH4.
   • Hofmann Bromamide Degradation: Reaction with bromine and NaOH.
   • Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis: Using phthalimide to get 1° amines.
   • Curtius Rearrangement: Involves substitution and rearrangement.

4. Physical Properties:

   • State: Lower amines are gases, moderate are liquid, higher are solids.
   • Boiling Points: Higher than nonpolar compounds, lower than alcohols.
   • Solubility: Soluble in water due to hydrogen bonding.
   • Comparison: 1° amines > 2° amines > 3° amines in H-bonding.

5. Chemical Properties:

   • Basic Character: Due to lone pair on nitrogen, influence of alkyl groups increases basicity.
   • Reaction with Nitro Compounds: Used to identify amine types (e.g., Carbylamine reaction).
   • Electrophilic Substitution: Amines are ortho/para directives.
   • Acylation/Esterification: Amines react with acyl chlorides to give amides.
   • Hinsberg Test: Distinguishes between 1°, 2°, and 3° amines.

6. Aromatic Amines:

   • Reactivity: Lower basicity due to resonance with benzene ring.
   • Electrophilic Substitution Special Cases: Nitro compounds reacting with aniline.
   • Sulfonation: Converts amines to sulfonates under acidic conditions.

Special Notes on Conversions

1. Interconversion of Functional Groups:
   • Amines to alcohols: Through diazonium salts.
   • Amines to alkyl halides: Using HX or SOCl2.
   • Alcohols to aldehydes and acids: Via oxidation.
   • Preparation of higher and lower homologs: Through nitriles, etc.

Important Test Information

• Special Class Test: Timing 5-5:30 PM.
• Enrollment via QR code.
• Test includes new multiple-choice questions for proper concept understanding.

Subscription Information

• Special Offer: Use code MB LIVE for up to 65% off on subscriptions.
• Benefits: Access to interactive videos, study materials, and top mentors.
• Courses Available: For NEET and CBSE with additional support for English and Social Science.

Closing Note

• Next session starts Sunday on Electrochemistry at 12:30. Please join with MB LIVE code for free access.
• Ensure complete preparation and take advantage of interactive learning.