Anatomy of the Nervous System Overview

Oct 23, 2024

Chapter 13 Review - Anatomy and Physiology

Overview of Key Concepts

1. Introduction to the Nervous System

  • Basic Structure: Comprised mainly of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
  • Function: Controls body functions and activities through electrical signals.

2. The Embryologic Perspective

  • Development: Focus on how the nervous system develops from an embryonic stage.

3. The Central Nervous System (CNS)

  • Components: Includes the brain and spinal cord.
  • Functions: Processing and sending out signals to the rest of the body.

4. Circulation and the Central Nervous System

  • Blood Supply: Critical for CNS function and health.
  • Protection: Involves structures like the skull and vertebrae and systems like the blood-brain barrier.

5. The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

  • Role: Connects the CNS to limbs and organs.
  • Subdivisions: Includes the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

Important Concepts

Neuron Communication

  • Action Potential: Essential for nerve signal transmission.
  • Synapse: Junctions where neurons communicate using neurotransmitters.

Protective Mechanisms

  • Meninges: Protective layers covering the CNS.
  • CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid): Provides cushioning and nutrient flow.

Neuroplasticity

  • Adaptation: The ability of the nervous system to change and adapt, crucial for learning and memory.

Key Terms

  • Neuron: Basic unit of the nervous system.
  • Synaptic Cleft: The gap between neurons at a synapse.
  • Myelin: Insulating layer around nerves that speeds up signal transmission.

Review Questions

  • Consider exploring questions on the mechanisms of action potentials and neuron communication.

Critical Thinking

  • Think about how neuroplasticity plays a role in recovery from nervous system injuries and in the learning process.

These notes provide a comprehensive overview of the key points from Chapter 13 on the anatomy of the nervous system, essential for understanding how our body regulates and controls various functions.