Chapter 13 Review - Anatomy and Physiology
Overview of Key Concepts
1. Introduction to the Nervous System
- Basic Structure: Comprised mainly of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
- Function: Controls body functions and activities through electrical signals.
2. The Embryologic Perspective
- Development: Focus on how the nervous system develops from an embryonic stage.
3. The Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Components: Includes the brain and spinal cord.
- Functions: Processing and sending out signals to the rest of the body.
4. Circulation and the Central Nervous System
- Blood Supply: Critical for CNS function and health.
- Protection: Involves structures like the skull and vertebrae and systems like the blood-brain barrier.
5. The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Role: Connects the CNS to limbs and organs.
- Subdivisions: Includes the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
Important Concepts
Neuron Communication
- Action Potential: Essential for nerve signal transmission.
- Synapse: Junctions where neurons communicate using neurotransmitters.
Protective Mechanisms
- Meninges: Protective layers covering the CNS.
- CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid): Provides cushioning and nutrient flow.
Neuroplasticity
- Adaptation: The ability of the nervous system to change and adapt, crucial for learning and memory.
Key Terms
- Neuron: Basic unit of the nervous system.
- Synaptic Cleft: The gap between neurons at a synapse.
- Myelin: Insulating layer around nerves that speeds up signal transmission.
Review Questions
- Consider exploring questions on the mechanisms of action potentials and neuron communication.
Critical Thinking
- Think about how neuroplasticity plays a role in recovery from nervous system injuries and in the learning process.
These notes provide a comprehensive overview of the key points from Chapter 13 on the anatomy of the nervous system, essential for understanding how our body regulates and controls various functions.