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Understanding Insulin in Diabetes Management
Aug 7, 2024
Endocrine System Medications: Insulin
Introduction
Focus on endocrine system medications, specifically insulin.
Insulin is used by both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients.
Oral antidiabetic medications are for type 2 diabetic patients only.
Four types of insulin: rapid-acting, short-acting, intermediate-acting, long-acting.
Types of Insulin
Rapid-Acting Insulin
Examples
: Insulin lispro (Humalog), Insulin aspart (Novolog).
Onset
: 15 minutes.
Peak
: 1 hour.
Duration
: 2-4 hours.
Mnemonic
: Think of a log rolling rapidly down a hill.
Administration Tip
: Ensure the meal tray is in front of the patient to prevent hypoglycemia.
Short-Acting Insulin
Examples
: Regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R).
Onset
: 30 minutes.
Peak
: 2-3 hours.
Duration
: 3-6 hours.
Administration Tip
: Ensure meal trays are on the floor for the patient.
Intermediate-Acting Insulin
Example
: NPH.
Onset
: 2-4 hours.
Peak
: 4-12 hours.
Duration
: 12-18 hours.
Mnemonic
: Neil Patrick Harris (NPH) is of intermediate height and hardworking (2-4 hours onset, stays up to 18 hours).
Long-Acting Insulin
Examples
: Insulin glargine (Lantus), Insulin detemir (Levemir).
Onset
: 3-4 hours.
Peak
: None.
Duration
: 24 hours.
Mnemonic
: Comfy jeans (glargine) worn for 24 hours.
Key Points for Insulin Administration
Rotate injection sites to prevent lipohypertrophy.
Monitor for hypoglycemia: symptoms include tachycardia, diaphoresis, shakiness, headache, and weakness.
Inform patients of hypoglycemia symptoms upon discharge.
Extra insulin doses may be needed during illness or stress.
Do not skip insulin during sickness; higher doses might be necessary.
For hypoglycemia in conscious patients: provide orange juice or milk (15 grams glucose).
For unconscious patients: administer glucagon.
Mixing Insulins
When mixing short-acting with intermediate-acting (NPH), draw up clear (short-acting) before cloudy (NPH).
Inject air into cloudy insulin first, then clear, draw clear insulin, then draw cloudy insulin.
Mnemonic: RN (Regular before NPH).
Gently rotate vial before administration.
Dispose of short-acting insulin if cloudy or discolored.
Conclusion
Covered insulin information; next lecture will cover oral antidiabetic medications.
Thank you for watching!
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