Meniere's Disease: Symptoms and Causes

Overview

• Meniere's disease is an inner ear disorder causing vertigo and hearing loss, typically affecting one ear.
• Can occur at any age, but onset is usually between ages 40-60.
• It is considered a lifelong condition, though symptoms can be managed.

Symptoms

• Vertigo: Sudden spinning sensation lasting 20 minutes to 12 hours, sometimes causing nausea.
• Hearing Loss: May fluctuate initially but can become permanent over time.
• Tinnitus: Ringing, buzzing, or hissing sound in the ear.
• Aural Fullness: Feeling of pressure in the ear.
• Symptoms can improve after a vertigo attack and may decrease in frequency over time.

When to See a Doctor

• Seek medical advice if symptoms are present, as other conditions may cause similar issues.

Causes

• Unknown Origin: Thought to involve excess fluid (endolymph) in the inner ear, although the exact cause is unclear.
• Potential Contributing Factors:
  • Poor fluid drainage (due to blockage or abnormal ear structure)
  • Autoimmune disorders
  • Viral infections
  • Genetic predisposition
• Likely a result of multiple factors rather than a single cause.

Risk Factors

• Most common in individuals aged 40-60.
• Slightly higher incidence in females.
• Family history of Meniere's disease increases risk.
• Association with autoimmune disorders.

Complications

• Vertigo Attacks: Unpredictable, causing anxiety and stress.
• Hearing Loss: Can be long-term.
• Safety Risks: Vertigo can increase the risk of falls and accidents.

Additional Information

• Meniere's disease requires medical diagnosis and management to handle symptoms effectively.
• Treatments focus on symptom relief and management of daily life activities.

For further details, consultation with a healthcare provider is advisable. The information is provided by Mayo Clinic staff as of January 2024.