Lecture Notes: Summarizing and Paraphrasing

Introduction

Instructor: Mr. P
Topics Covered:
- What is summarizing?
- What is paraphrasing?
- Examples of summarizing and paraphrasing
- Tips on writing a good paraphrase

Definition: Stating major ideas of a source in a paragraph or sentence using your own words.
Key Point: Use your own words; if using direct words from the source, use quotation marks.
Example of Plagiarism:
- Direct lifting without quotation marks.
- Example: Directly using Marcel Danesi's words from "Forever Young."
Acceptable Summary Example:
- Original Idea: Adults sculpting an ageless look due to financial freedom.
- Summary: Rising incomes allow adults to maintain a youthful image using different wording.

Definition: Presenting your understanding of a source in your writing with your own words.
Important Rule: Must include a reference to the source (e.g., page number).
Plagiarism Example:
- Copying too many words from the original source, even with reference.
- Example: Marcel Danesi’s idea on Nazism and nationalistic looks.
Common Mistake: Changing a few words or sentence structure is not effective paraphrasing.

Characteristics of a Good Paraphrase:
1. Entirely rewritten idea from the source.
2. Original sentence structure and wording.
3. Introduction of the author and conclusion with page reference.
Good Paraphrase Example:
- Original: Fashion models as icons of beauty.
- Paraphrase: Fashion models signify society's desire for youth and emulate icons through fashion shows (Danesi, page 39).
Acceptable Use of Words:
- Retaining a few original words is acceptable if structure and wording are original.

Task: Paraphrase the sentence: "Giraffes like acacia leaves and hay and they can consume 75% pounds of food a day."
Instructions: Try to paraphrase on your own and then share with the class.