Overview
This lecture covers the evolution of colonial society and structure in British America from 1607 to 1754, focusing on the impact of Enlightenment ideas, the Great Awakening, and growing colonial resistance.
The Enlightenment in the Colonies
- The Enlightenment emphasized reason and scientific inquiry over tradition and religious revelation.
- Transatlantic print culture helped spread Enlightenment ideas throughout the colonies.
- Key thinkers like John Locke introduced the concept of natural rights (life, liberty, property).
- Enlightenment ideas included social contract theory and the notion of government by the people.
- Colonists grew more critical of authority derived solely from religious revelation.
The Great Awakening
- The Great Awakening was a widespread religious revival countering the influence of Enlightenment rationalism.
- New Light clergy, influenced by German pietism, promoted heartfelt religious experience.
- Jonathan Edwards sparked revivals with sermons blending Enlightenment themes and religious fervor.
- George Whitefield traveled widely, inspiring mass enthusiasm through charismatic preaching.
- The Great Awakening fostered democratic ideals and questioned social hierarchies.
Social and Political Effects
- The revival highlighted the equality of all before God, challenging the elitism of wealthy colonial officials.
- Colonists began to support self-governing structures like town meetings and elected legislatures.
- Tensions arose as colonists sought more autonomy while becoming culturally similar to the British (Anglicanization).
Colonial Resistance
- Colonial resistance increased, exemplified by opposition to British impressment (forcing men into naval service).
- Incidents like the 1747 impressment riots showed growing resentment over violations of natural rights.
- Resistance movements reflected new ideas of liberty and government accountability.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Enlightenment — an intellectual movement emphasizing reason, science, and individual rights.
- Natural rights — fundamental rights to life, liberty, and property, seen as inherent to all humans.
- Social contract — the idea that governmental power comes from the people’s consent in exchange for protection of rights.
- Great Awakening — a series of religious revivals emphasizing emotion and equality before God.
- Impressment — forced recruitment of individuals, particularly into the British navy.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the view packet and study guides provided for practice questions and further revision.
- Prepare for the next unit focusing on increasing colonial resistance to British rule.