Malware Overview

Definition

• Malware: Any software designed to do harmful activities on a system
  • Examples include gathering keystrokes, displaying malicious ads, viruses, worms, etc.

Types of Malware

• Viruses: Infect systems and can spread across devices
• Worms: Self-replicating and spread across networks
• Ransomware: Encrypts data and demands payment for decryption
• Trojan Horse: Disguised as legitimate software
• Root Kits: Give unauthorized users privileged access
• Keyloggers: Record keystrokes to steal information
• Spyware: Collects user data without permission
• Bloatware: Unwanted software that consumes resources
• Logic Bomb: Executes a malicious action when triggered

Malware Functionality

• Can turn systems into botnets, steal data, or encrypt data
• Multiple malware types may work together to compromise systems
  • Example: A worm exploiting a vulnerability can install more malware

Infection Methods

• User interactions, such as clicking on links or opening attachments
• Drive-by downloads: Automatic download of malware without interaction
• Exploitation of system and application vulnerabilities

Vulnerabilities

• Exist in operating systems and applications
• Importance of keeping systems updated

Data Value

• Personal and organizational data are valuable targets
• Attackers exploit data value for financial gain

Ransomware Specifics

• Encrypts personal and organizational data
• Continues to allow OS functionality to display ransom messages
• Decryption key offered upon payment often in cryptocurrency
• Emphasizes the importance of having offline backups

Prevention Strategies

• Regular Updates: Maintain latest versions of OS and applications
• Backups: Keep offline backups to restore data without paying ransom
• Anti-malware Software: Keep malware signatures updated

Best Practices

• Regular system and software updates
• Maintain reliable and recent offline backups
• Use anti-malware tools actively and keep them updated