Overview
This lecture covers the effective use of quotes in journalism—when to quote directly, when to paraphrase, and common pitfalls to avoid.
Purpose and Evolution of Quotes
- Quotes add authenticity and emotion by conveying a source’s own words.
- The importance of strong quotes has increased in the digital age, as sources can now address audiences directly via streaming and social media.
When to Use Quotes
- Use quotes when a source provides a powerful or memorable statement (“home run” quote).
- Quotes are good for providing insight into the subject’s personality or state of mind.
- Emotional or unique language that cannot be paraphrased effectively should be quoted directly.
When to Paraphrase
- Paraphrase when a quote is dull or does not add unique insight.
- Use paraphrasing for basic facts or routine information (e.g., police press conference details).
- Attribute facts to the source even when paraphrasing.
Pitfalls in Quoting
- Avoid unclear attribution by specifying exactly who is being quoted, especially when multiple sources are mentioned.
- Do not use fragmentary or partial quotes within a paraphrased sentence—either quote fully or paraphrase.
- Avoid misleading quotes that take statements out of context or alter their meaning.
- Be cautious with profanity—generally avoid it, but consult an editor if it appears in high-profile situations.
Best Practices
- Select quotes that add emotion, stand out, or provide insight.
- Paraphrase for facts, save quoting for emotional or powerful language.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Quote — Direct use of someone’s spoken or written words in your reporting.
- Paraphrase — Restating someone’s words in your own words while retaining the original meaning.
- Attribution — Identifying the source of a quote or paraphrased statement.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Watch the Liberty County Sheriff press conference about a missing woman.
- Choose two strong quotes you would use in a news story and explain why you selected them.