Anatomy and Physiology: Emergency Care in the Streets Lecture - Part Two

Nervous System

• Components: Brain, spinal cord, thousands of nerves
• Functions:
  • Monitor internal/external environments
  • Integration of sensory information
  • Coordination of voluntary/involuntary responses
• Divisions:
  • Central Nervous System (CNS): Thought, perception, feelings, autonomic functions
  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Somatic (voluntary control) and Autonomic (involuntary control)
• Neuro Tissue: Conducts electrical impulses
  • Cells: Neuroglia (support), Neurons (nerve cells)
• Neurons:
  • Parts: Dendrite, Cell Body, Axon
  • Types: Sensory (afferent), Motor (efferent), Interneurons
• Synaptic Transmission: Gaps called synapses, neurotransmitters

Central Nervous System (CNS)

• Protection: Bone, Meninges, CSF, Blood-brain barrier
• Brain:
  • Cerebrum: Gray matter
  • Brain Stem: Control center
  • Cerebellum: Muscle coordination
• Spinal Cord: Connects brain to body

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

• Divisions: Somatic (voluntary), Autonomic (sympathetic/parasympathetic)
• Nerves: Spinal nerves, Nerve plexus
• Cranial Nerves: 12 pairs

Sensory Functions

• Sensation: Awareness of body state
• Pain: Somatic, Visceral, Referred, Phantom
• Special Senses: Smell, Taste, Sight, Hearing, Balance

Endocrine System

• Functions: Glands and hormones regulate metabolic functions
• Hormones: Communication through chemical messengers
• Major Glands:
  • Hypothalamus: Links endocrine and nervous system
  • Pituitary: Master gland
  • Thyroid, Thymus, Pancreas, Adrenal
  • Gonads: Ovaries, Testes
  • Pineal: Melatonin

Circulatory System

• Components: Heart, Blood, Vessels
• Heart: Four chambers, valves, coronary circulation
• Blood: Transportation, composition
• Vessels: Arterial and venous systems
• Lymphatic System: Fluid recovery, immune response

Respiratory System

• Function: Oxygen in, Carbon dioxide out
• Structures: Upper (nasal cavity, pharynx), Lower (trachea, lungs)
• Mechanics: Ventilation, gas exchange

Digestive System

• Components: Alimentary canal, accessory organs
• Functions: Digestion, absorption, excretion

Urinary System

• Components: Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
• Functions: Fluid balance, waste elimination

Reproductive System

• Male: Testes, accessory glands, ducts
• Female: Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus
• Processes: Gamete production, fertilization, menstrual cycle

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This concludes the key points from the anatomy and physiology lecture on emergency care in the streets. For detailed understanding, review each system's function, structure, and its role in the human body's physiology.