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How did Sigmund Freud contribute to the understanding of personality and sexuality?
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Freud developed theories that emphasized the significance of unconscious mental processes and their effects on personality and sexuality.
What are the main focuses of the early school of thought known as Structuralism?
Breaking down mental processes into basic elements using introspection
What does the field of Cognitive Science contribute to psychology?
It contributes to understanding the mind through studies of mental processes.
What method did Behaviorists use to study observable behavior?
Conditioning experiments with animals and humans
Who founded Functionalism and what was its main focus?
William James; focused on the function of mental processes
Which early doctor's work included descriptions of mental illness and treatment?
Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Rhazes
What is the original meaning of the word 'psychology'?
Study of the soul
How did Charles Darwin influence the school of thought known as Functionalism?
Darwin's theory of evolution influenced Functionalism's focus on the purpose and function of mental processes.
What historical approach in psychology focuses on personal growth?
Humanist Psychology
Explain the main difference between Structuralism and Functionalism in psychology.
Structuralism focuses on breaking down mental processes into basic elements, whereas Functionalism focuses on the purpose of those processes.
What is the significance of the mid-1800s in the field of psychology?
It marks the establishment of psychology as a formal science.
Name two key figures in the development of Behaviorism.
Ivan Pavlov and John B. Watson
What are the key questions addressed in psychology?
Human behavior drivers, definitions and treatments of mental illness, and concepts of consciousness and self.
What does modern psychology integrate from various historical approaches?
It integrates diverse methods and approaches to study behavior and mental processes.
Discuss the main criticism of Structuralism.
It was seen as too subjective because it relied heavily on introspection.
What were Aristotle's beliefs about consciousness?
Aristotle believed consciousness was in the heart.
Describe one contribution of Sigmund Freud to psychology.
Introduced 'talk therapy' and emphasized the influence of unconscious motives
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