okay so exercise three is connective tissue and this is going to be page hold on i'm grabbing my manual this is going to be page 27 in your manual so if you have printed exercise 3 or if you have your real lab manual it is page 27. and in the textbook this is going to be equivalent to page 122 in your textbook so page 27 in the lab manual oh my pen come on pen there we go page 27 in the lab manual and page 122 in the textbook now before we jump into what's wrong way before we jump into connective tissues we're going to go back and do another comparison between epithelia and connective tissue so when we learned about epithelial tissue last week where did we learn that its main area of location is for epithelial tissue membrane well it has a basement membrane but where do we find the actual tissue covering the organs and [Music] covering in one other word yeah lining remember on the test you can't just say it's it's the stomach it's the intestines you have to say lining the intestines are covering the stomach depending on the tissue okay so epithelial tissue is found covering and lining when you hear the word connective tissue what do you think about its location it connects it connects so since it's always connecting it's really a support tissue so we don't necessarily find it ever covering and lining there is one exception so it does not cover in line except for i don't know why my pen is delayed today okay so connective tissue does not cover in line except for cartilage okay now what about epithelial tissue what did we learn about it if you cut yourself would the epithelial tissue itself bleed no it's a normal what's that fancy word a and vascular good job so connective tissue is avascular so i sorry epithelial tissue is avascular connective tissue is very vascular so anytime that you do bleed that means you go into connective tissue but there is one exception cartilage is avascular so if you tear cartilage it has no blood vessels which means it's going to take it a very long time to heal because it has this really thick surrounding material that makes it hard for nutrients to diffuse through okay if you cut yourself though in your epithelial tissue let's go back to that paper cut can you feel it not always most times no so if you get a paper cut you can't feel it veronica yes it's going to sting or burn it's going to sting yeah you can feel it can you feel someone may be tapping you on the on the on the arm yeah okay when someone taps you when you get a small cut if you have um hot or cold the reason you can feel that is this because you have lots of nerves and we call that innervated or inner our innervation so epithelial tissue is very innervated however connective tissue is too but what do you think the exception is what is the exception been for everything else cartilage so connective tissue is very innervated except for cartilage so cartilage is the exception to all the connective tissue rules so when you tear cartilage it hurts but it's not the actual cartilage that the nerves are from it's the tissue that surrounds cartilage that you're actually feeling the pain from because cartilage lacks nerves now some other things about epithelia and connective tissue is when we look at epithelial tissue we can see that it's lots and lots of tightly packed cells so each of these is a cell that's just smushed together there's pretty much no room in between these cells connective tissue has a lot of cells but the cells are spaced out so all these things i'm circling are cells and there's a lot of space between them so um connective tissue has a lot of extra cellular material and that's going to be really important as we go through connective tissue and learn about it dr r uh-huh so um on connective tissue did you just say it is a vascular also or did you say the cartilages are a vascular okay connective tissue itself is very vascular except for cartilage cartilage is a vascular okay got you and if it has open a lot open space to a vascular no the open space just means that we have lots of extracellular material oh okay lots of extracellular material and we're going to learn a lot about that today so all of this stuff that we see between the cells all of that you have to be able to identify so that's what we're going to go over today okay okay now sorry that this this picture got really messed up yesterday when i was building this and i didn't have time to fix it so when we talk about connective tissue we learned about germ tissues last week what rhymes with germ um and as you can see on here the connective tissue is going to come from mesoderm however it's not directly from mesoderm mesoderm is going to um actually produce whoops come on let me get my peppermint again is that how you say it measurement or something like that yeah we haven't gotten that yeah mezzan it's mesenchyme but mesoderm is going to produce two embryonic connective tissues and these embryonic connective tissues are known as mucus and as we can see that mucus got stuck up top it's known as mucous connective tissue and it's spelled differently well it's spelled with the ous again that produces the mucus with the you yes you got it so the two embryonic connective tissues the first one is mucus connective tissue this connective tissue is also known as wharton's jelly and i'm fine with you calling it that because we've learned so many things with the term mucus it can sometimes get confusing is that w-h-r-t-o-n-s uh-huh so everything i'm saying is on page 28 of your manual oh okay so this mucous connective tissue also known as wart and jelly is only going to be present to birth what do doctors get rid of right when the baby's born what do they ask sometimes the father are the significant other to cut yeah so mucous connective tissue is only located in the umbilical cord okay this connective tissue you're not gonna have to identify it but it's just seeing it sometimes helps since it's only in the umbilical cord you only have it till you're born it is a supportive connective tissue it is made up of tons and tons of stem cells what do we know stem cells can do they can develop or differentiate into failures yep so the thing is in the umbilical cord these stem cells don't differentiate and that's because you only have them for x amount of time so what do a lot of doctors are not doctors what do hospitals offer new mothers what can they do with that umbilical cord they can bring it home you can do that but once you bring it home it's not going to be useful in the future what else can they do with it eat it yeah you can do that people actually eating stories so why would we want to store the umbilical cord what can it do later on for us it can be here and okay hold on one second only y'all just remember one person should be talking at a time that's just making sure you don't talk over your peers so always take a pause when people are talking so i'm not sure who was saying it first it can be used to do different cells later on if you had something that was either a disease going on or surgery etc yeah so stephanie just said they can use it later on for for different cells for diseases for surgery so what's great about these stem cells in the umbilical cord is that if there is an issue in the future there is a possibility that these cells can be used for um giving you know for cancer patients it can be used to differentiate into an organ that you may need in your body the issue with stem cells is there's a lot of moral and ethical issues based on the individual and there's a big cost to it it is not cheap to store umbilical cords so there's a lot of different um issues that surround stem cells so those are that are things that you can discuss in like different medical ethics classes you know there's a lot of classes out there philosophy classes about this type of study but there are those stem cells present in the umbilical cord now the other tissue is mesenchyme so the second embryonic tissue is mesenchyme and that's the one that y'all were mentioning earlier if we lose mucous connective tissue if we lose that warden's jelly right in the beginning that means all the other connective tissues are mature connective tissues are going to come from mesenchyme so mesenchyme actually differentiates into your mature connective tissues those connective tissues i'm just going to write them real quickly this is what we're going to spend the whole day on our bone blood cartilage loose connective and dense connective so these are those mature tissues that come from mesenchyme so when we talk about these tissues there are certain things you want to make sure that you pay attention to in the sentences so for questions if i say which germ tissue connective tissue comes from what rhymes with juror so what would the answer be okay so the mesoderm is the germ tissue did you repeat that question like how did you return mesoderm is the germ tissue that differentiates or gives rise to your connective tissues so if i said what germ tissue does bone come from what germ tissue does cartilage come from the key there is the word germ it will be measure them right that's how you know that i'm asking for a germ tissue germ rhymes with dirt but if i ask what embryonic connective tissue does your connective tissue come from which of the two embryonic connective tissues give rise to all of your other connective tissue mesochem so what you always want to pay attention to is which sen or which words in the sentences i am using if you see the word germ you know that the answer is going to end in derm so if i say what connective tissue or what sorry what germ tissue gives rise to connective tissue mesoderm but if i say what embryonic connective tissue gives rise to connective tissue it would be messy time so the the question is leading you to the answer you just have to make sure you're reading them slowly so jocelyn i'm sorry i just saw that your hand was raised do you have a question uh not anymore okay i'm sorry about that i just saw that i have three screens open so i try not to miss things but i do miss things it's fine okay thank you this is what embryonic mesenchyme looks like you're not gonna have to recognize it it's just so that you know that there are actual tissues in your body okay so now what we're going to jump in are your connective tissues and how they are related to each other so first thing i want to tell y'all is that we have five mature connective tissue groups i wrote them down earlier but we have bone blood cartilage loose issue and dance yes now i want y'all to think about bone and blood do they look anything alike nope they do not so since they don't look anything alike how are they considered connective tissues when we talk about cartilage in blood they don't look anything alike loose in cartilage they don't look anything alike but they are all five considered connective tissues so there has to be something amongst these five groups that makes them a connective tissue and that's what we're going to talk about so all of these are connective tissues because of how they are built so in your manual if you go back to page 27 everything i say is going to be written in the manual okay so all connective tissue is going to be made up of cells which we already know because cells form tissues so all connective tissues are made up of cells there just happens to be two types of cells the first type are called transient cells and the second type are called fixed cells so all connective tissue the word tissue tells you they're made up of cells but there are two types transient and fixed okay transient cells are cells that come and go as needed so transient come and go as needed so they're traveling cells [Music] transitioning okay now what i want you to think about is if you are 100 healthy do you think you're gonna have a lot of white blood cells in a tissue if it's healthy no no no no because why should a lot of white blood cells why should your body put energy towards that if your cells are healthy i mean if your tissue is healthy we don't need white blood cells there for immunity so a transient cells come and go as needed if you look in your manual at the bottom of page 20 c 27 there is a list of transient cells any cell in your body can be transient it just depends on the tissues needs but there are a few transient cells i want you to pay attention to so in your manual mark these i want you to pay attention to macrophages plasma and mast so for those transient cells i want you to pay extra attention to macrophages plasma and mast so macro plasma and mast so i'm telling you to pay attention to those three do you think those might be on y'all's exam yes ma'am okay yeah so these are just definitions so just make sure you read through them because if you know a definition then you can apply that content to a whole scenario okay now i want to emphasize again that any cell in your body can be a transient cell it just depends on the specific tissue the cells that we're going to talk about the most though are fixed cells fixed cells are cells that are present at all times so your tissue has to have at least one fixed cell there are three fixed cells that we really concentrate on these are cells that end in the word blast sites and classed all three of these are so whoa come on whoops my pen does not like me today sorry all three of these are suffixes okay these three suffixes are just telling us function so anytime you hear that word blast those are cells that build yes okay now in the chat so pull up your chat it's going to be over if you hover over the bottom of your screen you're going to see a little conversation box pull up your chat and tell me in one word what do you think sites do in the chat box good job y'all okay so almost everyone is putting the word maintain sight cells maintain they are maintaining the tissue so blast cells build our tissue sites maintain that tissue so architects i want you to think about like architects and contractors they're going to build the house and then the family that moves in maintains the house but all of those shows on hgtv and tlc are going to bring people in to remodel the house so what do class do them break it down they break it down so class breakdown some people say they carve which is fine but clasps are going to basically remodel break down carve out that tissue so those are going to be all those people that come in and remodel [Music] now these three words are again are suffixes they're only telling us function whatever the prefix is that is going to be the location so the prefix is going to tell us the location now for this there are so many different prefixes but there's going to be three that we use constantly and in the chat i want you to tell me what you think the word ostio means good job y'all okay what do you think the word fibro means good job my last one we learned on the first day and i'm going to go over all of these but what do you think what do you think condro means so go ahead and write it in the chat good job callie julie chelsea good job y'all betty tyrone okay y'all are y'all killing it here this is great okay osteo means bone fibro means fibers and chondro means cartilage these are the three main ones that we see over and over and over are there more than this absolutely but these are the ones that we see a lot so if i put the word osteoblasts together what does that cell do you can say this one out loud instead of typing it what do what last build they're build build what what do condro sites do country okay and what do fibroblasts do fibroblasts build the fibers yeah y'all got it so not every cell is gonna be everything so there is no such thing as a fibroclast there is no such thing as a chondroclast but we will have a big combination of these so we are going to see these over and over again and as long as you know what those suffixes do whatever prefixes in front you can figure it out but cells are only one major part of the makeup of connective tissue our next major part is the matrix so the cells are first and i always like to go over cells first because the cells are going to build the matrix which is everything else so which cell suffix blast site or class builds the matrix blast the black good job so that's why i always go over the cells first it's because they're actually building the rest of the tissue now if you turn to page 28 everything i'm going to say in your manual is on page 28. i like to stick to the manual and that way you don't have to take as many notes okay so your matrix is going to be made up of two things fibers and a ground substance which we'll go over in a bit but let's focus on the fibers first which main cell is going to produce most of your fibers which cell will produce most of your fibers fiberglass good job now i do want to make a mention that in your body nothing is straightforward there are a lot of other cells that can make fibers but for us right now fibroblast is the main one okay now there are three major fibers collagen elastic and reticular so these are the three fibers that we're going to see throughout the tissues collagen you've probably heard about because tv talks about collagen all the time but collagen is a really important fiber it is a very large and strong fiber and it's flexible so the most important thing about collagen is that it gives tissues its strength okay so fiber gives tissue i mean collagen gives tissue it's strength but it's also flexible which is important because our tissues are not that rigid most of our tissues can actually have some type of movement now one thing we never want you memorizing is colors however sometimes certain structures will always stain or mostly stain the same color so for collagen nine out of ten times collagen will stain pink i didn't say a hundred percent of the time i said most of the time so when you see really big pink fibers you know that they are collagen okay elastic it's going to be long and skinny okay yeah please keep your microphones muted unless you are answering a question okay collar i mean elastic fibers are going to be long and skinny and they're going to stain very dark so it can be like a purple a black a blue or brown they just stain really dark now when you think about elastic elastic fibers actually two major functions and this is one of those terms that we use incorrectly in everyday life elastic fibers show two major functions extensibility and elasticity so what is actually elasticity when i was reading we're about to go over it yeah give me a second i'm glad that y'all are these questions you all ask are great so these are the two things that elastic fibers can do when you think about elastic what do you think of the main function when we when you talk about something inelastic what do you think it can do being able to stretch and then come back to and then come back that's the key thing if something stretches and it doesn't come back then it's of no use to us so think about your skin your skin stretches and pops back into place but the older you get does it pop back into place as well no and you start getting what on your face wrinkles okay so elastic fibers need to be able to stretch but just as importantly they need to be able to recoil or bounce back one of these words means to stretch one means to recoil of those two words extensibility and elasticity which of those two words go ahead and put this in the chat you can answer one or two which of these two words actually means to stretch think about what the words sound like of those two words go ahead and put it in the chat which of those means to stretch good job y'all okay when you hear that word julian's getting fancy in writing it out when you hear that word extensibility if you think the word extend it means to stretch which means elasticity means to do what recoil return to recall you can use the word bounce back retract retract all of those work so when we say that your skin loses elasticity what it really loses is the ability to go back to its normal shape now elastic fibers because they can stretch and recoil we also need them to be paired with collagen so even if we can't see both if collagen is present elastic's present they're buddies so these two are usually packaged together it doesn't matter if you can see them both they're usually together because if we're stretching that tissue needs strength and collagen gives strength our last tissue is reticular i'm sorry our last fiber is reticular reticular fibers are modified collagen reticular fibers are going to be short and wavy so they kind of just look like squiggle lines and they stain dark reticular fibers are short and wavy and they stain dark since they're modified collagen we know that they're going to help with support and strength they're not nearly as strong as collagen because we've modified them but reticular fibers are going to be found supporting hollow organs so they're going to be in tissues that support hollow organs and filtering structures so reticular fibers are going to be supporting fibers you said they support hollow organs and what else and filtering structures thank you and that's going to make more sense once we get into the actual tissues because then you're going to get specific locations okay so we've talked about the cells the cells produce the matrix the matrix is made out of two things fiber and let me erase some of this and ground substance the ground substance is everything surrounding the fibers and the cells so it's the filler the ground substance is everything around the fibers and the cells it is the filler the ground substance is going to be adhesive and that means it basically keeps everything stuck together has everyone seen jello before yeah okay has everyone seen jello with like fruit at least pictures of it with fruit inside of it yeah yes okay i want you to think of the jello as the ground substance and then anything inside of the jello whether it's fruit whether it's i don't know whatever you might put in jello um those are going to be the cells and the fibers so the jello itself is just the adhesive material it sticks everything together so that is the ground substance now the ground substance is it called the glue or something i've seen that on a couple of questions yeah it can be it can be considered the glue because the word adhesive means to stick together [Music] now the ground substance is going to be made out of sugars and amino acids well i want to highlight this very large word there glycose amino glycans glycose aminoglycans gags gags much easier to say gags but what i want you to figure out about this word is even though it's a huge scary word when you hear the word amino what do you think amino acid and what are amino acids they build what protein okay and when you hear the word glyco or glycose glucose you hear sugar so this huge word glycosaminoglycans is really just protein and sugar so all of your ground substances are a combination of proteins and sugars so this is going to hold true anytime you see a big scary word in a p see if you can break it down because big scary words are just lots of smaller words put together [Music] okay now i do want to mention that your ground substances that are going to be made up of proteins and sugars glycosaminoglycans they can be liquid semi-solid kind of like jelly or they can be solid so can anyone think of the brown substance in your body that is liquid you can donate it it's become really popular plasma blood plasma so plasma is a liquid ground substance can you think of the um ground substance in your body that is hard what tissue is that going to belong to its heart like bone marrow not the marrow the marrow is actually soft but the bone itself so the ground substance of bone is hard and then every other tissue is going to be gel-like so every tissue between the blood and between bone is going to be gel-like so sometimes the gel likes are super flexible sometimes they're actually pretty sturdy it just depends on the tissue so there are lots of different types of ground substances on the bottom of page 28 we list just a few if you notice you can actually figure out which one belongs to which tissue if you hear that word chondroitin sulfate chondroitin sulfate what does chondro tell you quietly so we're gonna find chondroitin sulfate in which tissues got it so a lot of stuff that you're going to learn once you know those terms chondro osteoderm keratin that's going to help you for the entire anp lifespan so these terminologies these prefixes and suffixes are helpful okay so the reason i go over this in so much detail is that every connective tissue that we look at you're going to be identifying some cells and then you're going to be identifying parts of the matrix every connective tissue blood bone dense cartilage and loose the reason they are all connective tissues is because they all have cells and they all have a matrix so they may not look like each other but they're actually built in the same way so all connective tissues have those two things cells and a matrix okay so now what i want y'all to do is everybody make sure they open their chat just to the side we're going to go through a few questions and you're just going to put in the letter to the answer just the letter you don't need to type it out okay so i'm going to put the first question up and just throw what you think okay so most everybody is putting a collagen the reason a is correct is because we're saying secure anything that's secured means it's going to be has to be strong now technically which one do we usually find with collagen elastic yeah elastic is collagen's buddy but elastic's job is not to secure it's to stretch and recoil now the thing is a few people put reticular reticular is also a good answer it's not the best answer it's a good answer because reticular supports so it's not necessarily securing anything it's supporting these structures so remember we always want to go with the best answer okay next question okay everyone's throwing up the right answer so which cell helps remodel the class cell the class so good job on that one now this next one i did not go over exactly but let's see if you can get this correct maybe you read it before you came to class um i'm going to go over it after this question though so just do your best to see if you can use what you know and answer this next question okay so i'm getting basically a combination of b's b as in boy and d as in dogs okay so which of these is correct your correct answer for this particular question is b and we're going to go over why okay so which embryonic connective tissue oh messenger okay so which embryonic connective tissue gives rise to your other tissues and that's going to be mesenchyme okay yes so basically what happens is we have these mesenchymal cells and those mesenchymal cells are going to differentiate into let's just focus on bone they're going to differentiate into osteoblasts now osteoblasts job is to build so they're going to start building bone they're going to start secreting bones matrix it's called hydroxyapatite but don't stress about that word right now they're going to start to build bones matrix as they build bones matrix they eventually are going to isolate themselves and when they do this their job then turns into maintaining bones matrix so after osteoblasts build they're going to turn into the cells that maintain so they're going to differentiate into osteocytes that is the end of the line now we do know that we have osteoclast osteoclasts do not come from mesenchymal cells osteoclasts are actually modified white blood cells so they're going to come from stem cells on the bloodline those stem cells are going to turn into white blood cells and about 50 white blood cells are going to merge together and become an osteoclast so it's basically two lineages that build our cells we have one that comes from blood and we have one that comes from mesenchyme so osteoclast or classed in general will not come from osteocytes or any sites in general when we talk about development it's always going to be stem cell so in this case it's mesenchyme or we can just say stem cells from the bloodline then it's going to turn into blast and then sites are it's going to turn into class so it just depends on the lineage that we're talking about okay and this is more information that you'll get in lecture but it's just a little bit of something i threw in here okay so the rest of today is going to be spent on our connective tissue so we've talked about how connective tissue is built and now we're going to actually talk about your connective tissues so we are going to take a five-minute break we will meet back at nine run to the bathroom grab food get some water do whatever you need you have five minutes i'm gonna run to the bathroom myself and we'll be back at nine okay okey-dokey y'all we're gonna get back going so we can finish up the rest of today so we just talked about how the connective tissues are made and we know that they're going to come from which germ tissue connective tissue comes from which germ tissue okay so i heard mesoderm it was real faint but it was mesoderm so good job now connective tissue comes from which embryonic connective tissue measurement close target that's some kind nothing oh something like that i'm sorry no i i knew exactly what you were saying the more you hear it the easier it becomes to pronounce these terms okay so our five groups of mature connective tissue are loose dense cartilage bone and blood sorry bone and liquid and each of these groups are going to have flavors so if we talked about ice cream you have flavors if we talk about chips you have flavors if you talk about candy you have flavors so as you can see when we talk about loose connective tissue we have three types we're going to learn dents three types cartilage three types bone two types liquid there are two types however we are only learning one so the one we're going to talk about today is blood does anyone know the other liquid lymph lip you got it good job so lymph is going to be the other one but you don't cover lymph until you're in a p2 when you do the lymphatic system so we're not covering lymph at all i'm daniel your hands raised did i miss a question no i do i now know what you meant last week you said this last thing about different flavors okay yeah it just it's just a a way to kind of think about the organization so we're going to start with loose now before we jump into these in your manual if you turn to page 30 you will see that it's set up very similar to what we did last week you're going to see that it gives you a short little paragraph about the tissue it tells you structure function and location so let me hop out of here real quickly and let's go to which one class so in your textbook oops i'm in a lab i need to go to lecture in in the textbook which comes with your lab class once you get get the wiley code all of this information that you need to write in your manual comes directly from the textbook i don't go over that much of it so we can see here's the epithelia tissue that we did last week that was weird right there okay so if you just scroll a little bit more let me see what page we start on there we go on okay it's going to be 127 i mean 26 126 perfect yes so on page 126 you're going to see that it has each tissue and it has the description the location and the function this is where you get the information you don't need to write it down unless you want to because you know you can always go straight to the textbook and reference it so i will go over a little bit of information as we talk about them but you're gonna need to make sure you reference the details in the location in the function okay i always say that's in the middle please the best is in the textbook our manual was written based off of the textbook okay so say 160cc no so in the in the manual we're on page 30 and the textbook is page 126. okay ma'am thank you you're welcome so the description is perfect it's what the textbook wants but in real life you may not see what the textbook tells you so for the description i always say write what you see so last week i said unicorns and butterflies and rainbows if that's what you see that's what you see because you're the one that has to recognize them again so when it asks you for the structure in the description write what you see because you can always reference the textbook for the perfect description okay the last thing i want to focus on before we jump into these is in your manual on page 30 it asks you to identify certain things that's what we're going to spend time today because that's the kind of questions you're going to get asked on the test is to identify fibroblasts identify macrophages identify x fiber so if it says be able to identify it for the tissue you need to be able to identify it okay so we have three loose connective tissues the word loose what it's describing for these three specific tissues is that the fibers are loosely intertwined and the cells are very visible so anytime a tissue is characterized as loose that means the fibers are loosely intertwined and the cells are very visible so fibers loosely intertwined and cells are very visible please say that again the fibers are loosely intertwined and the cells are visible so when we look at loose you are going to be able to physically see tons of cells so that's one of the characteristics is the cells are really prominent now the three loops are areolar connective tissue adipose connective tissue and reticular connective tissue and i'm following the exact order of your manual so if you have your manual open it's going to make it easy to follow this so the first one we are going to cover is areolar okay areolar is the scotch tape of the body it is found everywhere where two separate tissues come together it is the connecting tissue of the body now is scotch tape strong not so much not so much but does scotch tape still hold things together yes it does the job i knew that it does its job definitely it's a good description it does the job okay did any of y'all and you can just say yes no did any of y'all um dissect the rat in gen bio yes i was supposed to but hope it happened so yeah covered may have interrupted that oh yeah if you didn't dissect the rat that's not a big deal have any of y'all ever taken skin off a chicken yes okay when you dissected the rat or when you may have taken skin off of a chicken you might see kind of a whitish silverish thin thin connection between the skin and the meat are for the rat between the rat and the muscles does anyone remember seeing this real thin connection yes yes that's areolar that's areolar connective tissue that's holding the skin to the muscles okay it's almost like a transparent thin um layer that's exactly what it is it's kind of whitish silverish clear but you can see it but it's so tiny that you're not even sure what it is you know how you told us that you see that thick line the the thick dark line i know that's collagen fiber right yes or is that collagen right so for the um for the areola where is it's transparent so i know i can't see it so where would i look at because i did something on your little activity the interactive activity where you had to physically click on it but i was just clicking everywhere because i mean the so this this picture we're looking at is areolar you can see it it's stained and it's blown up when you're looking at chicken and you're pulling off the skin you can't really see much of it because it's not blown up or stained every single tissue in your body is kind of a nudish color so that's why we have to stain things to make it easier to see so your body does not have hot pink purple blue yellow in it right in general so that's why when you're looking at like a real specimen you're not going to see what we see under the microscope okay all right now ariel is very dominant and prominent in your body however um you can't just say it's found between two tissues areola has some prominent areas we know it's found um where the epidermis and dermis connect we know it's found in places with adipose tissue adipose and areola are buddies wherever adipose tissue is areolar is found so you want to just make sure that you look in the book and you get some of the specific areas and not just say everywhere but it is found everywhere in your body because it connects every transition between two tissues we find it between fat and muscles we find it between the dermis and the fat we find it between the epidermis and the dermis so it is our connecting tissue now it is very weak but it still holds things together and what you can see in this picture is that there are lots of dots these dots let me whoops went back one too many let me get my pen working these dots these are all the cells so you can see that the cells are really easy to see here here here okay all those are cells they're everywhere but you can also see fibers so we have our cells we have our fibers and then you'll kind of see this white area right here all between the cells and the fibers you'll see all that area yes okay is that the matrix or the jello that's the gel and the jello what's the real name for the jello substance okay so all of that filler material is the ground substance so everything's there we have our cells we have our fibers and we have the ground substance now in your manual it tells you tells us what we have to be able to identify fibroblasts macrophage cells elastic fibers collagen fiber bundles okay so let's start with fibroblasts fibroblasts are going to be the cells that we know help produce the fibers so there's going to be lots of them fibroblasts are going to have an oval nucleus is that fibroblast or fibroblast fibro f-i-b-r-o-b i thought i heard you say fiberglass i was confused okay so fibroblasts have an oval nucleus their function is to produce fibers then we're going to have macrophages these are large cells that eat things so they're white blood cells that eat other things these are going to have a circular around nucleus so nice and round fibroblasts are oval nice and round so on the test you're going to want to be able to tell the difference between the two so look at this one i'm drawing a circle around or i'm outlining let me say outlining look at this shape of this nucleus in the chat tell me if you think it's fibro or macro in the chat okay stephanie chelsea brianna josemer okay chelsea again stephanie okay so most people's answers are the ones that i've answered have all been fibro that is correct because it is oval in shape now look at this one over here look at the outline what do you think that one is you can just say that out loud macro b now sometimes the shapes are a little hard to tell i'm not going to ask you one that's hard to tell so i'm always going to stick to the ones that are pretty obvious what do y'all think this one is say a for in the chat put a for fibro or b for macro in the chat a for fibro or b for macro y'all are killing it great job okay what do you think about this one right here a for fiber or b for macro really good job y'all okay what about this one right here wait so this one i just drew right here a for fiber b for macro [Music] okay and then last one tell me what y'all think of this one maybe there we go a for fiber or b for macro okay really good job so i'm just gonna go through them again this one right here fibro fibro these two are both macrophages macrophage fibro okay so even though you can't see the actual cell you can see the nucleus shape and that's what we used to tell fibro from macro what did you say the function of macro macrophage was again so macro means large and what does phage mean anybody eating eating so what do these cells do oh they eat they eat they're basically pacmans of the body they they engulf bacteria debris anything