Class 10th History - National Anthem in India
Meaning of National Anthem
- Meaning of National: Love and patriotism towards your country.
- How this feeling developed among people.
Impact of World War I
- War started in 1914.
- India as a colony under British Empire.
- Inflation increased as a result of the war.
- People faced difficulties.
Mahatma Gandhi's Satyagraha Movement
- First Satyagraha in Champaran (Bihar) in 1917.
- Raised the issues of farmers against British rule.
- Second Satyagraha in Kheda in 1920.
- Gandhi initiated a peaceful movement.
Details of Various Satyagraha Movements
- 1917: Champaran Satyagraha (Indigo farming).
- 1918: Kheda Satyagraha (Poor crops).
- Gandhi undertook three major Satyagrahas.
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
- Shooting by General Dyer in 1919.
- Public anger and strikes started.
- Gandhi felt the need to change the direction of the movement.
Hindu-Muslim Unity
- Gandhi's effort to unite Hindus and Muslims.
- Planned Non-Cooperation Movement with Muslim leaders in March 1919.
Non-Cooperation Movement
- Gandhi advocated ending cooperation with British rule.
- Congress supported the movement.
- Boycott of government schools and colleges.
- Promotion of wearing Khadi clothes.
Impact of Non-Cooperation Movement
- Anger among farmers and tribal communities in rural areas.
- Many other leaders also participated in the movement.
- Gandhi withdrew the movement after the Chauri Chaura incident.
Civil Disobedience Movement
- Movement to break the salt law.
- Gandhi's Dandi March.
- Widespread participation in the movement.
Difficulties in the Movement
- British government started arresting protesters.
- Gandhi also ended the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Gandhi-Irwin Pact
- Agreement between Gandhi and Lord Irwin.
- Promise to release political leaders under the pact.
Participation of Women and Dalits
- Women played an important role in the movement.
- Gandhi supported the rights of Dalits.
Participation of Muslim Community
- Faced a lack of participation from the Muslim community.
- Demand for separate electorates.
Sense of Collective Identity
- Unity among all classes.
- Connection to Indian culture and traditions.
- Contributions from artists and leaders.
Conclusion
- Various movements significantly contributed to the freedom struggle.
- Ultimately, India achieved freedom through unity and a sense of collective identity.
These notes are based on the Class 10th history chapter "National Anthem in India".