Med School EU - Anatomy of the Digestive System Lecture

Introduction

• Presenter: Andre
• Topic: Anatomy of the Digestive System
• Structure:
  • Part 1: Focus on anatomy
  • Part 2: Physiology of the digestive system

Upper Digestive System

• Entry of Food:
  • Through the mouth
  • Structures in the oral cavity:
    • Uvula: Located at the back of the mouth
    • Tongue
    • Hard Palate
    • Soft Palate
• Pharynx: Connects to the esophagus
• Salivary Glands:
  • Parotid: Largest, located at the back and sides of the mouth
  • Sublingual: Under the tongue
  • Submandibular: Under the chin
• Esophagus: Connects mouth to stomach

Lower Digestive Tract

• Stomach: First entry from esophagus
• Accessory Organs:
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder: Attached to the hepatic duct
  • Pancreas
  • Ducts:
    • Pancreatic Duct
    • Common Bile Duct
• Small Intestine:
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
• Large Intestine (Colon):
  • Cecum: Entry point from ileum
  • Ascending Colon
  • Transverse Colon
  • Descending Colon
  • Rectum
  • Anus
• Appendix: Attached to the cecum

Stomach Anatomy

• Esophageal Sphincter: Controls entry
• Muscle Layers:
  • Longitudinal Muscle
  • Circular Muscle
• Folds (Rugae): Formed by muscle layers
• Regions:
  • Fundus
  • Body
  • Pylorus
• Pyloric Sphincter: Controls exit to duodenum

Digestive Processes

• Regurgitation: Forceful contraction moving food backwards
• Peristalsis: Series of muscle contractions pushing food forward through the digestive tract

Accessory Organs Functions

Liver

• Produces bile and bile salts for fat emulsification

Gallbladder

• Stores and releases bile

Pancreas

• Secretes pancreatic juices containing:
  • Digestive enzymes
  • Buffers and electrolytes
• Main functions:
  • Buffer stomach acid
  • Assist in digestion of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

Conclusion

• Focused on anatomy of the digestive system and accessory organs
• Next lecture: Physiology of digestion