Heimler's History: Unit 3 - Constitution Overview

Introduction

• Transition from Articles of Confederation to Constitution
• Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, 1787
• Focus on two major themes: Federalism and Separation of Powers

Federalism

• Definition: Sharing of power between national and state governments
  • Common misconception: Federalism does not mean the federal government is more powerful
• Supremacy Clause (Article 6):
  • National law supersedes state law in case of conflict
  • Only applies to enumerated powers listed in Article 1, Section 8
  • Example: Power to declare war
• 10th Amendment:
  • Powers not delegated to the United States are reserved to the states
  • Examples: Defining marriage, divorce

Separation of Powers

• Three branches established:
  1. Legislative: Makes laws
  2. Executive: Enforces laws (President)
  3. Judicial: Interprets laws (Supreme Court)
• Checks and Balances:
  • Each branch can limit the powers of the others
  • Example: Congress passes laws, President can veto, Congress can override veto with a two-thirds vote

Framers' Intent

• Recognized human nature's tendency to abuse power
• Distributed power to prevent tyranny
• James Madison's Federalist 51: "If men were angels, no government would be necessary"

Conclusion

• Understanding these concepts is crucial for AP US History success
• Suggested resources for further study
  • Ultimate Review Packet

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