Information about Human Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants and Humans:

Physical, Mental, and Emotional Changes

• Seen during puberty
• Occurs in the bodies of both males and females
• Major contribution from hormonal changes

Male Reproductive System

1. Testes

• Produce sperm cells and testosterone hormone
• Kept in a pouch called the scrotum

2. Epididymis

• Matures and stores sperm cells

3. Vas Deferens

• Carries sperm cells toward the urethra

4. Urethra

• Expels both sperm and urine
• Acts as a copulatory organ

5. Penis

• Copulatory organ
• Assists in sexual intercourse
• Covered by foreskin

Female Reproductive System

1. Ovaries

• Produce estrogen and progesterone hormones
• Create ovum (egg cell)

2. Fallopian Tubes

• Carry ovum towards the uterus

3. Uterus

• For the growth and development of the embryo
• Thick lining that sheds every month

4. Cervix

• Thin part between the uterus and vagina
• Opens and closes during pregnancy

5. Vagina

• Copulatory organ
• Expels menstrual fluid from the uterus

Phases of Sexual Reproduction

1. Pre-Fertilization Phase
   • Gametogenesis: Formation of gametes
2. Fertilization Phase
   • Fusion of male and female gametes
3. Post-Fertilization Phase
   • Conversion of zygote to embryo and new organism

Reproductive Health

1. Vasectomy

• Cutting and tying the vas deferens in males

2. Tubectomy

• Cutting and tying the fallopian tubes in females

3. Copper-T

• Inserted into the uterus

4. Contraceptive Methods

• To avoid steady and unwanted pregnancy

Methods

1. Mechanical (Condoms, Diaphragms)
2. Chemical (Oral Pills, Vaginal Pills)
3. IUD (Copper T)
4. Surgical (Vasectomy, Tubectomy)