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Explain the term 'semi-conservative replication' in DNA replication.
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Each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand, reflecting the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication.
How does DNA polymerase carry out synthesis on the leading and lagging strands?
DNA polymerase synthesizes the leading strand continuously from 3' to 5' and the lagging strand discontinuously through Okazaki fragments.
Describe the process of unwinding the DNA double helix during replication.
Helicase unwinds the double helix structure by breaking hydrogen bonds between the two strands.
Explain the synthesis of new strands in DNA replication.
Activated DNA nucleotides pair up with complementary bases on each template strand, linked by DNA polymerase to form new strands through phosphodiester bond formation.
Why is DNA replication considered a semi-conservative process?
DNA replication is semi-conservative because each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.
Explain the function of DNA Polymerase in DNA replication.
DNA Polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands by joining activated nucleotides, catalyzes phosphodiester bond formation, and proofreads for errors.
Why does DNA replication occur semi-discontinuously?
DNA replication is semi-discontinuous due to the anti-parallel nature of DNA, resulting in leading and lagging strands.
How are replication forks formed in DNA replication?
Replication forks are created by helicase breaking hydrogen bonds between nucleotide pairs in DNA.
What is the final step of DNA synthesis in the lagging strand?
DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand to finalize replication.
What is the role of DNA Ligase in DNA replication?
DNA Ligase joins DNA fragments on the lagging strand to complete the replication process.
What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?
Helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between DNA strands to unwind the double helix structure.
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