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What property of electrons was directly visualized by the deflection of cathode rays towards a positive plate?
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Negative charge
What evidence shows that cathode rays have kinetic energy?
Cathode rays were able to rotate a paddle wheel and produce fluorescence.
What was a significant limitation of Rutherford’s atomic model?
It could not explain the stability of the atom due to the energy loss associated with the accelerated motion of electrons.
Describe the key features of Rutherford's solar system model of the atom.
Electrons revolve around a small central nucleus in a manner similar to planets orbiting the sun.
What are the three main subatomic particles?
Electron, Proton, Neutron
What conclusions did Rutherford draw from his alpha particle scattering experiment?
1. Most of the atom is empty space. 2. Positive charge is concentrated in a small nucleus. 3. The nucleus is very small compared to the atom.
Who conducted the experiment that led to the discovery of the electron?
J.J. Thomson
Why was Dalton's atomic theory limited in its explanation?
Dalton's theory did not account for the existence of subatomic particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons.
List three properties of cathode rays observed in Thomson's experiment.
1. Negative charge: move towards the positive plate. 2. Travel in a straight line. 3. Tiny particles that can rotate a paddle wheel.
What were the three main observations from Rutherford's alpha particle scattering experiment?
1. Most alpha particles passed through without deflection. 2. Some particles deflected at large angles. 3. A few particles bounced back at 180 degrees.
According to Dalton's theory, what was considered the smallest particle?
The atom
In the context of chemistry, what did ancient sage Kanad believe everything was made of?
Five elements
Who is credited with the discovery of the proton, and what experimental setup led to this discovery?
E. Goldstein, using the process of anode rays.
What kind of rays are produced when cathode rays hit heavy metals?
X-rays
Describe the experimental setup of J.J. Thomson's cathode ray tube experiment.
Gas at very low pressure (10^-3 mmHg) with a high potential (1000 volts) applied from cathode to anode, resulting in the emission of cathode rays.
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