Neuroplasticity and Learning

Introduction

• Speaker mentions their difficulty in playing piano
• Introduction to neuroplasticity: the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections

How Neuroplasticity Works

1. Neurons and Action Potential:
   • Brain composed of neurons
   • Neurons communicate via electrochemical signals called action potentials
   • Action potentials are created by stimuli and travel to axon terminals
2. Synapse and Neurotransmitters:
   • Synapse: the space between two neurons
   • Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers released from one neuron and received by another
   • Analogous to neurons texting each other

Practical Application

1. Repetitive Actions:
   • Example given: walking
   • Repetitive actions lead to frequent action potentials
   • More neurotransmitters released, strengthening the synaptic connection
   • This is called synaptic strength
2. Neural Network Reorganization:
   • Changes occur not just functionally but structurally across the brain
   • Result in more efficient communication between neurons

Effects of Practice and Lack Thereof

1. Practice:
   • Frequent practice leads to synaptic strengthening
   • Enhanced neuroplasticity
2. Lack of Practice:
   • Fewer action potentials released
   • Fewer neurotransmitters
   • Synaptic pruning: weakening of synaptic connections

Conclusion

• Repeated practice is essential for activities like playing piano, catching a ball, or running
• Practice increases neuroplasticity
• No practice leads to synaptic pruning and weakened skills

Key Terms

• Neuroplasticity: Brain's ability to reorganize
• Action potential: Electrochemical signal
• Synapse: Space between neurons
• Neurotransmitters: Chemical messengers
• Synaptic strength: Enhanced communication between neurons
• Synaptic pruning: Reduction of unused connections