For today, we will be talking about the definition of plagiarism, what are the forms and consequences of this act, and how do we really incorporate sources by using paraphrasing and using citations. Before we begin, let's take a look at these images. These are just some of the widely discussed issues of plagiarism in the country and around the world. Plagiarism is simply defined as the act of presenting the words, ideas, images, sounds, or even the creative expression of others as your own without giving them proper credit.
This may be intentional, reckless, or even sometimes unintentional. Sid Mason, a famous film actor, once said that plagiarism is lying, cheating, and stealing all at once. Here are some common examples of plagiarism. First one is when you turn in someone else's work as your own, that is considered to be as plagiarism. For example, you were asked to write a book critic and you asked your classmate or maybe your girlfriend to write it for you, then that would be considered plagiarism.
When you copy words or ideas from someone else without giving them credit, that is a common form of plagiarism. Sometimes there are instances that we really cannot paraphrase or we really cannot change certain things about the words that were used or the ideas that were presented. However, when we incorporated it into our very own writing or into our very own text, we failed to put quotation marks when we lifted those phrases, we lifted those words, we lifted those ideas. So that one could also be a form of plagiarism. Similarly, when you give incorrect information about your source of a quotation or your source of information, that could be considered as plagiarism as well.
There are also certain instances, particularly with you students, there are also certain instances wherein you just change the words, but you still copy the sentence structure of a particular source without giving them proper credit. So that is considered plagiarism. pass it off as your own by just simply changing the words using the synonym feature on Microsoft Word, then that is considered still plagiarism.
This is a very common form of plagiarism. Whenever a student or whenever anyone copies so many words or ideas from a particular source, that it seems as if majority of the work is composed of those ideas. And whether you give it credit or not, that is still considered plagiarism.
Here are some types of plagiarism. There is what we consider as direct plagiarism. Direct plagiarism simply refers to a word-for-word transcription of someone's work without quoting them or giving them proper credit. So it's a direct copy, a full-on copy of what someone else has done before.
There is also what we call a self- plagiarism wherein you as a writer you are simply submitting your own previous work or mixing trying to mix parts of your previous work so you can formulate one new work there is also what we refer to as mosaic plagiarism it occurs whenever we borrow certain phrases from a particular source without properly quoting them or without putting quotation marks in them or finding synonyms for the author's language while still keeping the same structure. However, there is what we refer to as accidental plagiarism. So it is an intentional type of plagiarism because you neglect to cite your sources or you neglected to cite your sources. Sometimes there are misquotations of sources and unintentionally, you paraphrase a source.
by using similar words, group of words, and or sentence structure without proper attribution. So again, you failed to, it was unintentional, but still you failed to properly credit it to the original author. There are many reasons as to why people plagiarize. First is laziness. Just because they don't feel like doing things, they want to accomplish things faster, quicker, then they plagiarize.
Next is for fame. There are people who want to be known, who want to be famous. However, they are still lazy to do it on their own. So what do they do? They plagiarize other people's work.
or works that they think are good, okay? Good enough to bring them fame. Now, if there are people who want to be famous, there are people, on the other hand, who fear success, okay? And this is true, actually. There are people who really don't want to excel in certain areas, okay?
So what they do is they just simply plagiarize. This is a very common reason as to why students plagiarize because of... procrastination.
They don't have enough time to accomplish certain things so they want to make it easier for themselves. Instead of them thinking about it hard, putting it in their own words, they simply copy and paste from the internet. So that's because you procrastinate.
You try to prioritize other things instead of finishing your task or your work for school. So things like that. Next is people also plagiarize because there is panic in them, okay? There is panic to people.
There is fear to accomplish certain things. There is pressure to accomplish certain things. So they feel a sense of panic.
People also plagiarize because there is misbelief and misinformation. So take for example on Facebook, when you just simply copy and paste what others have posted or reposted because you believe that it was true without even properly researching about it. That is still a form of plagiarism. Sometimes people plagiarize because they just simply don't care.
They are apathetic towards other things and are indifferent. Whether I pass, for example, a student, a student doesn't care whether he or she fails a class, then that's apathy and indifference. They don't want to exert too much effort because they believe that it's for nothing. They just don't care.
Here are some consequences of plagiarism. When you plagiarize, for example, it might result to number one failure in a task or a class grade of a failing grade okay so it might also lead to subdisciplinary action in some schools they actually put heavy consequences on plagiarism some schools particularly in higher education institutions academic dismissal or suspension even expulsion is enforced other schools when someone is found to have committed you plagiarism, they withdraw diplomas or degrees. Now in a professional setting or in a business setup, for example, once you're caught plagiarizing someone else's work, then you can actually lose employment. You could be fined for it, meaning you have to pay money to who you plagiarize or even to the law or to the court, okay, or even penalties.
You would be asked to pay for them. So there's monetary compensation for it. And then lawsuits could also be filed against you. And of course, worse than that is your loss of reputation. Now, how can we avoid plagiarism?
There are only two things that you have to remember. And these are very simple rules that you can just follow if you really don't want to commit plagiarism. The first thing that you have to remember is you don't copy or you do not...
copy someone else's work. Try to put everything in your own words using your own ideas, using your own thoughts, using your own beliefs. The second one is of course this very famous one-liner, give credit where credit is due. If it's not yours, acknowledge that it is not yours.
Acknowledge your source, acknowledge your reference. Let's move on to incorporating sources in academic and professional texts. There are actually certain techniques that you could use.
Summarizing is simply referring to the use of a short statement of the main idea or key points of a text. So how do we summarize? You read the entire text first or you read your source, you read your references, and try to get or pick only the main ideas or key points. After which, combine them, synthesize them, and formulate.
a short statement of your own understanding or your own key takeaways from the text itself. Similarly, we can also use paraphrasing. Paraphrasing is simply restating a statement or passage in your own words.
So you are trying to use a different set of words, different set of construction of the idea or the statement that you have just read or you are going to be using for your own text. Here are some principles in paraphrasing. First one is the meaning conveyed in the paragraph.
the paraphrased material should be the same as that of the original source. So I know that there are certain words that when you try to change them, the meaning also changes, okay? So you have to remember that when you paraphrase, the meaning has to still be the same.
The length should also be the same or almost the same. Better actually if it's just a bit shorter than what you have just read because at least that's a way of... properly synthesizing it, properly summarizing it as well. Remember as well that in paraphrasing, your structure has to be different from that of the source.
So try to work around the structure of the sentence that you are formulating. Technical terms or generally accepted terms may be retained. So take for example, if it's jargon, then you can simply retain that word. You don't have to think of other terms to replace that particular term because it's already a generally accepted.
tender. Similarly, the source is indicated in the paraphrase. So even if you paraphrase it, even if you change the structure, even if you change the words, but it's the same idea as that of your source, then you have to still indicate your source.
Here are some forms of paraphrasing. There is what we refer to as literal paraphrasing, structural paraphrasing, and alternative paraphrasing. Literal paraphrasing is a form of paraphrasing that is used to is simply replacing vocabulary terms from the original text.
So you are simply changing the words. On the other hand, structural paraphrasing is changing the sentence structure as well as the word class or of keywords of the text. Alternative paraphrasing on the other hand is posing questions about the text then answering these questions using your own words.
After reading the text, text to make sure that all your ideas are connected. So you try to read the entire text first and then you formulate questions about what you have just read. And then from those questions, you answer those questions, okay?
Now your answers, you can use that to formulate your own text. The third technique is, of course, the use of citations. Citations simply tell your readers that certain...
material or certain parts of your work came from another source or a different author. And sometimes citations are very important, specifically in scientific articles or research studies, for example, because the readers also gain an understanding as to where they could find that information again. So it gives them knowledge about where they can find. those pieces of information and maybe probably use it on their own work. Now, what do citations include?
It includes information about the author, such as their name. Sometimes the affiliations of the author are also included, as well as their titles, the title of the work itself, the name and the location of the publisher, and then the page numbers of the material that you used. Perhaps one of the biggest questions in using citations is when do you need to cite? Whenever you use quotes or quotations, that's the time that you have to cite your sources. Whenever you paraphrase, you also need to cite your sources.
And of course, whenever you use an idea that someone else has already expressed, that's the time that you cite your sources. So again, try to avoid simply copying and pasting. If you copy and paste in something, For example, if you copied and pasted something, try to make sure that you would include a reference as well. When you copy or paste something, especially for example in your homeworks or in your written works, if you cannot avoid copying and pasting, trying to source it out from the internet, ensure at least that you have a list of references towards the end of your work or at the end of your work.
You also need to cite your sources whenever you make specific reference to the work of another author. Similarly, whenever someone else's work has been critical in developing your ideas or when it has become very important in the development of your very own work, then you have to cite the source of that inspiration. There are certain citation styles that we follow, especially when we write academic texts like journal articles or research work, research papers, for example. So there is what we call, and I guess you are all familiar with this one, the APA style or the American Psychological Association style. It is often used in education, psychology, and sciences.
There is also what we refer to as the Modern Language Association style or the MLA style, which is often used by the humanities. And there is Chicago or Caribbean style. which is often used in business, history, and the fine arts as well.
So your citation style would really depend on the field of expertise or on the field of knowledge that you are exploring. Now let's go to the different types of citations. There are two main types of citations.
The first one is author-oriented citations and text-oriented citations. Author-oriented citations simply start with the surname of the author. followed by the year of publication in parentheses.
So take, for example, Gomez, and then you put the parentheses on 2020, okay? Take this one for example. As you can see, we use the name of the author as someone who is emphasizing, okay?
And then we enclose the year it was expressed in parentheses. Text-oriented citations, on the other hand, is the kind of citation that you would find at the end of a paragraph or a sentence. So it is a citation that tells us where this particular sentence or this particular paragraph, the idea of it came from. In using text-oriented citations, a paragraph or a sentence from a particular source is followed with the surname of the author of the work and the year of publication. And both of these details...
details. Both of these information are enclosed in parentheses. This is an example of a text-oriented citation.
Aside from those two types of citations, there are also other ways of citing sources. You can start a sentence or a paragraph by using the phrase, according to, and then followed by the surname of that particular author and the year of publication enclosed in. parentheses. So this is an example of that one.
Here are my sources and references. Thank you for joining me today.