Lecture Notes: Understanding Jose Rizal

Introduction

• Jose Rizal: known as a novelist of "Noli Me Tangere"
• A hero recognized for awakening Filipino consciousness
• A poet who emphasized the importance of loving one's language
• Explore Rizal's true character, principles, and the Philippines he lived in

Early Life and Family Background

• Born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba
• Mother: Teodora Alonso, a knowledgeable and eloquent woman
• Father: Francisco Mercado, provided education and managed family affairs
• Rizal's early interests in drawing and storytelling

Educational Journey

• Started schooling at a young age, showed intelligence despite challenges
• Attended Ateneo Municipal in Manila
• Further studies in medicine and philosophy in Spain

Key Experiences and Influence

• Injustice faced by his mother and family
• Exposure to liberal ideas in Europe
• Rizal's literary contributions, including writing "Noli Me Tangere"
• Associations with intellectuals and involvement in political discussions

Personal Life

• Romantic involvements, including with Leonor Rivera
• Experiences of heartbreak and personal sacrifices

Return to the Philippines and Challenges

• Reception upon return, opposition from the clergy
• "Noli Me Tangere" faced censorship issues
• Continued activism despite threats

Exile and Final Years

• Exile in Dapitan, contributions in education and medicine
• Relationship with Josephine Bracken
• Decision to volunteer in Cuba for medical service

Imprisonment and Execution

• Arrested and tried for rebellion, sentenced to death
• Final communications with family and friends
• Execution by firing squad on December 30, 1896

Legacy

• Rizal's work and ideas continue to inspire Filipino nationalism
• His life embodied the struggle for freedom and identity