Boston Tea Party

Overview

• Date: December 16, 1773
• Location: Boston Harbor
• Event: Protest against British taxation and mercantilism
• Outcome: 342 chests of tea dumped into the harbor

Background

• Context of the Event: 10-year buildup post-French and Indian War.
  • Britain aimed to tax colonies to regain funds spent on their protection.
  • Violated two principles:
    • Colonies governed directly by the king.
    • Theory of mercantilism: Mother country protects colonies for economic benefit.

Colonial Response to Taxation

• Protests against various Acts and taxes, leading to:
  • Boycotts
  • Protests
  • Creative resistance
• By 1773, most unpopular tax acts repealed, but the Tea Act remained in effect.

The Tea Act

• Purpose: Financially rescue the East India Tea Company.
• Created a monopoly, providing financial benefits to the company, allowing exclusive tea sales in America.

Events Leading to the Tea Party

• Three East India Tea Company ships arrived in Boston Harbor.
• Colonists prevented unloading of tea; Royal Governor of Massachusetts blocked ships from leaving.

The Protest

• Sons of Liberty: Disguised as Mohawk Tribe members to symbolize resistance against European rule.
• Acted upon arrival of tea ships:
  • Boarded ships and unloaded tea into the harbor.
  • Amount of tea dumped: Approximately 92,000 lbs.
  • Modern value of lost tea: Approx. $1,700,000.

Significance of the Boston Tea Party

• Samuel Adams: Described the event as a protest against "no taxation without representation."
• British response: Instituted the Intolerable Acts - closing Boston Harbor to trade.

Historical Impact

• Prelude to the American Revolution.
• John Adams’ reflection in his diary:
  • Praised the event as a significant and dignified act of protest.
  • Emphasized its lasting importance in history.