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What is the primary function of the stomach in the digestive system?
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The stomach is primarily responsible for digestion through chemical digestion by stomach acids and mechanical digestion via muscular movements.
Explain the connection between exercise and type 2 diabetes management.
Exercise can improve the body's sensitivity to insulin, aiding in the management of type 2 diabetes by helping control blood sugar levels.
Identify and describe two regions of the large intestine.
The large intestine includes the cecum, which receives chyme from the small intestine, and the colon, which is responsible for absorbing water and storing waste.
Why is the small intestine named 'small' despite its length?
The small intestine is named for its smaller diameter, not its length, which actually is quite extensive.
What are the functions of folds and microvilli in the small intestine?
Folds and microvilli in the small intestine increase surface area to maximize nutrient absorption into the bloodstream.
Describe the process and importance of mastication.
Mastication is the process of chewing, which is important for mechanical digestion and breaking down food into manageable pieces for swallowing and further digestion.
Discuss the importance of hydration and fiber in digestive health.
Proper hydration and fiber intake aid in digestion by preventing constipation, promoting regular bowel movements, and supporting overall digestive tract health.
Explain the role of the duodenum in the digestive process.
The duodenum is responsible for continuing the process of digestion and initiating absorption, acting as the first major absorption site in the small intestine.
How does the body eliminate non-absorbable waste?
The body eliminates non-absorbable waste through the large intestine, where smooth muscle movements push waste towards the rectum for elimination.
Describe how the large intestine contributes to maintaining the body's water and salt balance.
The large intestine absorbs water and salts from the remains of digested food, helping to maintain the body's fluid and electrolyte balance.
What is the role of enzymes in digestion?
Enzymes break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body.
What is chyme and where does it form?
Chyme is the semi-liquid form of digested food formed in the stomach after being mixed with digestive juices.
How is the inside of the digestive tract technically considered 'outside' the body?
The inside of the digestive tract is considered technically 'outside' the body because it is a continuous tube from mouth to anus and substances are only considered 'inside' the body once they are absorbed into the bloodstream.
What role does saliva play in digestion?
Saliva initiates chemical digestion in the mouth by breaking down carbohydrates.
What is the consequence of the appendix becoming inflamed?
If the appendix becomes inflamed, it can lead to appendicitis, which can cause the appendix to rupture if untreated.
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