Salam alikum good morning good afternoon uh today just uh we plan to cover the third lecture of artificial LIF technology today the main topics will be around reating sacker Road bumping system one of the main common used artificial LIF worldwide and one of the oldest type of artificial LIF system it's used since more than 7,000 years if you look to the middle picture you know this is coming from the oldp C you know it's the same concept same concept of lifting flows you know maybe technology changed maybe you know just the type the capacity and so on but all all the idea theory is the same you know this type of artificial lift is mainly used for you know for weals some people said for shallow Wells low production but currently with the technology is used for variety of different type of oils maybe deep oils high volume oils and so on we try to just to show you how how come that you know from a system only used to lift float from just one meter 2 Metter you know up to currently is used to lift float from 3,000 M or or just we can say 177,000 FTS and so on our topics today will will covers you know our presentation will cover some introduction about the system system what are the main component for that system you know I'll try just you know to focus in surface and subsurface but plus give you some hint about the system design and one or two slides about system optimizations and how currently the system is optimized monitoring and so on what is the reciprocating Saker Road bombing lift the restating Saker bombing system at the picture in front you you know this is a system is used in in most type of oils or Waters Wells you know it is the most common popular artificial lift system used worldwide currently if you count by the number of oils you found over 75 76 or maybe more than that's the number of oils worldwide using this type of system yes configuration and the surface down hall it Chang it but same concept the same techniques is reciprocating up and down then the s road pumping system or reciprocating sad bumping system it's the most common used artificial lift worldwide the number of WS as I said you know over 75 76 maybe 78 uh percentage of the number of oils using this type of oils is spreaded all over the world you know in in North America Latin America in Middle East in Far East and so on you know it's a system you know what is reciprocating it's a system using a surface bumping equipment you know this is a Surface the one at the surface you know using a surface bumping equipment just to rotate you know to rotate just you know convert the rotation of what we call prime overover or motor or motor something like that to a reciprocating vertical reciprocating motion up and down up and down you know this is to drive what to drive a subsurface bomp bump it's running mechanically because this bump running mechanically run by reciprocating action reciprocating system it's a positive displacement type of the mechanical bumps and so on you know this system generally in order to know why it is more people are used why it's common used worldwide why most of the people in in in the world when you start to design the world if they found the road lift system is is is can be lifted the well they are using immediately you know without thinking you know if if they found that because this oil can be used for most type of oils you know most type of crude oils you know it can be used for heav medium light crude oil you know you can use for heavy crude oil up to you know I don't know around 12 usually 12 API or just L and use for crude oil more than 45 API and so on Sand yes if there is a sand but you know all that and gas the same you know but all that need some you know some special design especially if I start to use very heavy crude oil then the downhole pumps downhole equipment should be selected to to to that condition sand is the same if there is a o is Sandy I have to select the right downhall equipment to handle sand but it's it can be used in some area you know especially for example in Middle East you know the will if the whe stops you found two three joints above the bombs is full with sand you know that's mean the bombs is lifting very high quantity of sand and same of gas gas what we mean a very high gas or ratio all the all all you know the background about this system it's used only for CHS or just no gas or some no it change it currently this type of artificial lifts maybe also can be used for what you call unloadings or just DFI dewatering gas Wells you know that's mean yes can be used for a very high amount of gas but how come let us you know see you know how how we can use this bomb for high gas ratio Wells for Sandy Wells and and so on you know even for the pressures this world doesn't care about bottom hole P pressure since the the flow is reach it to the downhole pumps levels even it will be about one two feets above the pump the bump can lift it that Flo sorry that float up to even the float level even reach to the surface it's no problem that care of the BMP is a reciprocating positive displacement type of BMP how much volume they can lift it yes they can lift it from one barrel to you can adapt the system to lift even one two three Barrel there is you know a lot weth in state and some other area just lifting Five Barrels three Barrel four barrels day and is can lift also up to 7,000 Barrel flood per day you know if you look to in Canada and some other area they are using this type of artificial lift to produce very high volume like 7,000 but each type or each volume for sure you know from a certain depth you know I cannot lift for example 7,000 Barrel FL per day from D walls No it should be from shadal because I'm lifting this flow also this type of artificial lift used for all type currently you know due to technology in the road and the pump in the surface equipment can use for vertical horizontal slint Direction was even for horizontal you we can run the bomb in the horizontal section how come let you know you through uh the slides through the type of downhall equipment to see if this possible or not and how come we can produce from horizontal wealth or very deviated wealth or dlic severity is high and so on even for hot flow Wells if you look to most of the fields running under steam stimulation technology just to enhance it the production you found majority of them is using Road lift reating sucker Road lift system and so on this is just you know the advantage of this type of the artificial sorry the application since this old type application for sure as I said you know initially when you start to design L and selecting your artificial lift system and you found the road lift system is can be capable to lift your weth then go ahead and use it you know why because it's a very economical to repair and service all the repairing and surface for this type of artificial lift it's usually done in the field you don't need to send it your equipment to the supplier or the service company to repair and so on you know it's a very easy very cheap to repair and so on and not only that even the optimization you know currently there is a very high tick in optimization control for this type of system for downhall and surface optimization what optimization the amount of fluid optimization the intake pressure and all that you can optimize and you can monitoring even you know even from this monitoring and optimization control you can monitoring how much how how the bump is running downhole how you can estimate it in a very good accuracy the bottom hole pressure the flow rates and so on on you it's a positive displacement type of pump a strong draw down can deplete the pressure or reducing the bottom pressure to a very very low amount of pressure to allow the reservoir to give to the maximum potential of its Reservoir according to the well productivity and so and also this since this is a cheap downhall equipment system you know and it's it's a very economical it's easy you know to upgrade and and just the downhall materials for example if you selected a downhole equipment to produce a well just you know um sweet sweet fluids you know no water high solent water no no H2S no no CO2 as initially and suddenly you know or was time you know we found this water start to be have some corion environment you can easy to upgrade down whole bombs and the road is not costly you know most of the cost of this equipment in the surface equipment more than 75% of the capital investment for the system from bottom to the surface in the surface equipment and this front F and that's mean the downhall equipment is only costing less than 25% of the total system costing if also it's flexible very flexible technology of artificial LIF to meet with a change in well condition the well condition other pressures will condition other fluids will condition other amount of gas increase decrease sand and so on very flexible you know just to adapt this technology and even you can change the bumping parameter from the surface to meet or to match the will productivity you know downhall you know one of the good things for this is high system efficiency I mentioned that before the system efficiency it's how much power I gained of how much power it's used from this system to how much power I just you know running this system you know how much horsepower I give to the system for example for the downhole pumps in order to produce a certain volume of a fluid is required for example you know 10 horsepower then how much you know horsepower I used as a surface equipment to drive all the system if it's for example it's 20 horsepower then 10 over 20 that's means the total system efficiency is 50% this could be the second type of artificial LIF second type in in in in in system efficiency after the progressive cavity bumping system the total system efficiency can be reach to 55 60 50 something like that you know not only that also High salvage value you know I I said most of the equipment most of the cost of the equipment in the surface equipment and with a time you know we I know some wells running things more than you know 50 years still the same surface equipment and not not change it and even if the whe start to be completely depleted or watered out and so you can use the same equipment to run another will and so on and so then still the value of the equipment on on it you know with the time and so what are the system component yes we said about application we said about Advantage all of that should be known what what what the component of the system you know how the system is running and so on you know if you look to that pictures in in in the in the left right side hand of you you know this is a total system you know from bottom to down hole in the bottom equipment you know we have downhole pumps this is the heart of the system the downhole pumps is the heart of the system you know is a reciprocating up and down positive displacement type of pump plus something you know to run the bump to activate the bump to to you know to connect the reciprocating motion of the surface equipment and to transfit to the downhole bump is called the sucker Road string scker Road string is a mechanical link between the Surface equipment and downhole Equipment that's it doing nothing you know just this is the main main function of that mechanical connection plus you know how is running how lifting the float and so on we'll see the road lift system and so on there's different type of of of Road lift system with a new technology in the vast and the old we have only steel just jointed roads and so on currently we have some more time what you call flexible you know continuous Road and so on it's allow the system to run in different world geometry and and and so on you plus the surface equipment even for the surface equipment you know the main function of the surfice equipment is you know to produce a reciprocating motions it which is transferred to the downhole pump through the road string yes there is what you call the beam type Road lift system and also vertical you know vertical motion vertical reating Road lift system this can be mechanical can be hydraulic and so on but at the end you know the surface equipment is just to produce a reciprocating up down motion this is the main three categories of the bom plus the prime movers which is drive all that system bra mover will see later on it can be you know something to produce a rotating motion you know it can be a motor can be electric motor can be engine engine drive by Diesel drive by gas whatever type of you have plus the monitoring system the world control and so on and but the main for component of the system if one of them is failed the system will not working is the subsurface down bumps the second road is string the surface bumping units and the prime movers at the surface let us just you know to go a little bit down in the wells and see you know how this system is running the world how this system I installed in the wells and so on for all type of artificial LIF all for type all type of production even Flowing Wells I have to know what type of oil completion I have to run in the wells in order to produce this oil flowing artificially artificially is is road lift ESP BCP and so on let us just you know to have some general over view you know not not in details and so on about the general Saro system completions you know first B of completion is the tubing you know the tubing is string even if some WS you know in in very in some area and shallow WS it's producing from the casing but at least is a conduit to for the flow to move up and down you know these a tubing can be different type of you know of tubing size pipe size whatever depend on the deps depend on the a lot of condition you know why you can Design This Way second thing you know I need to have something inside the completion I need to have a certain um piece of equipment just to run and to stop the bump to install the subsurface bump on it in the completion surface in in the wellb this is called sitting nibble the sitting nibble here is a main function just to to hold the subsurface pump in place while I design at what depth this should be this is called the setting liit and in some WS you know maybe if the wells is start to increase we are using what we call tubing anchor catchers tubing anchor catcher is a device like a hydraulic is like a backers if you look to like like a backer but without rubbers you will see what the function of the tubing hker catcher for this one plus after that the Wellhead for sure you know based on typee of artificial Li will be a special type of the Wellhead we'll try just you know to go through all that pieces one by one in very simple way then the for more component of the uh we completion for this artificial lift system the production string sitting nibble tubing anchor cature can be used or cannot be used you know theend on the downhall condition and running parameters plus the Wellhead of this system let us you know to see what how we can run what type of completion we have if you have a shallow worlds completion remember I said you know tubing Anor culture can be used or cannot be used for shallow Wells maybe I don't need to use what you call tubing Anor culture or what I need you know this is the Wells with the casing I need to run the uh tubing string with the tubing string I need to run the sitting nibble the sitting nibble you know should be run at the design deps at a certain deps or design deps what I need to run then this is a very simple completion nothing else you know in this shallow Wells how that how after that after that we ran the bump on the road string inside the well and the bump stopped on the setting this is a very simple completions anyone can do in the field it's it's it's not you know not have any very highte or something like that you know tubing string Plus sitting nibble it's connecting to the tubing string and running the well to the designed deps after that we run the bumb either we will see the bump if it's tubing bump or Road bump inside this part of then what for a deep Wells this for shallow Wells for deep Wells we have the same completion more piece of equipment with this completion why we have that and so on and how it will be looks like in in some ways remember this are reciprocating second Road pumping system reciprocating second root pumping system mean it's going up and going down like this picture and the one this is the downhole pumps up stroke and down stroke in the up stroke while you are going up you know there's a valve in the bom is closed when the valve is closed that mean while you're going up all the fluids of you on the road string which is connecting the bomb and lifting the flu to the surface what that mean you know that's mean no fluids will be on the tubing then the tubing will be just tubing yes there is a fluid but the floid is lifted the valve is closed and lifted by the by by the road by the road string What's happen in the down stroke while we are going down this valve is open then all the flow transfer to another valve is standing valve what we called is stationary with with with with the bum as not moving that mean all the fluid in this case transfer to the tubing then the tubing sub to two forces in upstroke there is no float all the float forces of float load will be in the road string in the downstroke all the float load will be on the bomb then the tubing here can be you know Contracting and you know stretch it Contracting stretching due to different Lo there will be a movement in the tubing in order to prevent this tubing Movement we need to use a v of equ like this you know if you look here you know to this picture in the right side one what we have in the going down the valve bottom valve is closed then all the floats inside the tubing will be on the full tubing size uh cross-section area then the tubing will be under tension in this case while we are going up you know while we are going up this valve you know the top valve is closed then the tubing string the road string is lifting the flu then in the tubing here in the bottom there is no float will be in the tubing this this valve will isolate all the floats from the tubing because it's going up and closing in this case will be no flow in the tubing then the tubing will be contract you will see the tubing in the upstroke can be buckling like that in the down throw can be stretched like that if you LIF the the well is running like this there will be a tendency of the road string you know to contact the tubing wall then will be a friction between roads and tubing metal to metal friction then will be roded each other you know and and we can create a big problem for the road and tubing and you know it's can be really have big problems and severe problem for that you know in order to eliminating that tubing movement you know we are anchoring anchoring what you mean we are fixing the tubing with the casing then whatever you change the load from the tubing the tubing will not load because the tubing will be fixed with the casing with with a device what we call tubing anchor catches tubing anchor catcher connecting you know just either below the sitting nibble or one to Joint above the sitting nibble depend on well condition and the design and so on and this it's it's prevent the tubing movement this is the main function of the tubing anchor cuture then in order to eliminate the tubing Movement we need to run tubing an cuture remember this is a simple completion we said before you know in this completion as a difference than the shallow well completion you have two piece of equipment running on the completion the setting nibble is the same plus you run the tubing anchor cature if you are able to run the tubing Anri culture below the tubing but above the perorations you know it's why and do it you know the tubing anchor culture should be as near as possible to the setting lip the first choice for you to be couple of joints below the sitting nipple and so on if you're not able you can put about two three joints above the sitting nipple and so on you know the design and criteria of the wells and the place while you are setting the the tubing anchor cature it's you know is restricted you to see where is you can use this is tubing an and then you run the bump inside that this is what we call the well completion for medium or deep walls medium or deep walls usually if you start to run below 3,000 4,000 ft maybe you will need that you know and also depend on the bump size and so on you know if we leave the tubing and without tubing anchor culture this a picture of real pictures of the tubing from inside you know and this is the road you know while they are roaded you know they Fred to each other see you know in the left the left side one you know the the the road is eroded and consequently you know the tubing is eroded then the tubing you know it's you know is Pur you tubing is have holes and you know you can the production can be circulated through this hole and so on then tubing Anor culture to reduce tubing movement and to reduce the road and tubing cobbling wheels and Z on to prevent even the casing wheel because if the tubing is movement and there is no big clearance between the tubing and the casing and the cobbling of the casing is Big then this is can have some tendency for the cobbling to eroded to contact the casing if the cobbling is contact the casing metal to metal maybe you damage the casing this is also the cobbling real cobbling from o after we did some failure analysis we found this cobbling you know is eroded if the cobbling of the tubing eroded like that mean the casing also it's can be eroded and so on you meanwhile also increase the downhole bump efficiency because you're you're reducing the movement of the tubing and so on and you increase what you call the downhole effective stroke to run the downhole BMP this just general Basics about the completion there's some more more things about that but this is General you will found you know this the main concept of the completions for Road lift system either for shallow Wells or for deep Wells initially when you start to design your well you design the world without tubing anchor cater and see how much tubing movement if you found tubing movement then you start to install tubing anchor cures and and and you know and you reevaluating the world not only that you know since this type of artificial LIF is very very flexible and even you know sometimes some people you know producing from more than one zone and even this Zone should be not producing comly not producing comly sometimes you know you want to produce each separate than other you know you don't like because one zone was high pressure one zone was low pressure and so on you know then some some people and and I know some some area and different area run with what you call Selective completion you know selective completion then yes the main concept here to run with a setting nibble is a top one this but after that you know you have to run with certain device like what we have here sliding sleeve and and and and in this case we replace the tubing anchor catchers with the Packers with a packer but this Packer should be set under tension when we set the Packer the tubing should be tension Packer should be set the tubing under tension there is a certain way certain techniques and so on there is a an an an SP paper talking I published about the world completion for Road lift system if someone is required that I can send to him you know this Pap is SP and it's available and so on talking in detail about a well completion for Road lift system you know but due to sake of time you know we not go in details for this now what other component this is a completion then what are the main component for the system the main component of system one of the main parts are the initial parts or some people say this the heart of the system is the subsurface bom the subsurface bom it is the heart of the system really you know if you design the BM very well and you know you are taking all the consideration about what's going down hall because this bomb it's handle your downhall floats Sandy gazy heavy viscosity light viscosity heavy crude oil light crude oils whatever you have you run to run the bomb is adequate to lifting that float without creating problem because if there is any problem of the in the downhole bom this problem will transfer to the whole system to the road string and to the bombing units and even to the prime mover then you have to select care y the downhole bump to lift your float based on that in the market yes in the market there is a variety of type of bump configuration or pump it's can be handle or running you know your your downhole your downhole condition downhole flows and so on you then what are the main functions since like that you know the B can handle all type of load then what's the function of this bump what this bump is doing you usually the downhole bumps is doing two functions regardless sarod or PP or ESP or for surface bump usually should do two function downhole if it is artificially LIF pump first of all to decrease the bottom hole flowing pressures in order to allow the production to produce the desired the target production from the reservoir according to your inflow performance you designed to produce a certain volume of the well based on your productivity based on that you have you must decreasing the bottom hole flowing pressure to a certain value to a certain value but if you're decreasing the bottom hole to certain value then maybe the value of the bottom hole FL pressure it's not high enough to lift the flow to the surface then this tyo bond is the second function is it is to increase again this bottom whole flowing pressure to lift fluid to the surface with the Desir botom whole FL pressure and overcome the pressure loss in the the bombs make two function two two you know there is two function for the bump mainly two artificially pressures one below the bump it's a bottom whole flowing pressure artificially bottom more flowing pressure is decreasing to allow the formation give to you the designed production plus it's increasing again to a certain value of the bump what we call is discharge bump or just a you know artificially a new bottom hole flowing pressure above the bomb to lift flow to the surface with the required bottom hole required wellhe pressures to allow flow to reach to the separators or just the surface facility what are the main component remember when I said this type of artificial lift it's using in more than 75% of the world due to it is very simple technique or very simple type of artificial lift in order just to know how Simplicity of this one let us to look to the bom downhole pumps first what are the main component of downhole pump the downhole pumps as I said is a reciprocating pump you know this bump it's have five main parts inside the bump but if we start to divide the bump we divide the bom to two main component what we call the outside of the bomb the share of the bom what we call Barrel assembly the the part you are seeing from outside it's called Barrel assembly when you see the bom the part you not see inside the bomb we called plunger assembly then we have two parts two main parts in the bomb the barel assembly the part when you are see when you go to Workshop or WS side and have the bomb outside and you look to the bomb you see the bomb from outside all what you see from outside it is what we call Barrel assembly and all what you not see from inside the bom is called plunger assembly but both should be working together the plunger assembly is work inside the barrel assembly then the subsurface bomp have five main component one of the main part of the barrel assembly is a barrel itself the bar itself is a tube it's just a tube is a pressure containing Chambers is a tube is pressure containing chamber for the inside float at what we have and so on second BMP second part is what we be inside the pump but from the plunger it's called plunger assembly remember when we are we said this pump is a positive displacement lifting float going up when you are lifting float with this pump usually you are lifting float against High pressures if nothing you know sealed this pressure to back again to down to the B then the floid will be circulated around the bomb then the plunger is provide what you called moving seal to carry and carry what certain valve closing the upstroke to lift the Flo and so on you know and and this is valve was called traveling valves then we have plungers have perils we have traveling valve traveling valve it's just a valve it's about Bowl you know just normal bow plus seat we can sit in the wall like this big piur you know all and seat you know inside a container small containers of this all that is called a Val and this valve you know it's considered like a oneway valve check valves you know can allow the fluid to go from bottom to the top and prevent flow to go from the top to the bottom in order to prevent Flo to back again to the well to back again to if the floid is open the Val and go above the Val it's not an easy the flow to back to the Val unless this Val is damaged and so on same one in the barrel assembly called traveling V it's hold pressure during down stroke you know in the inside the bump and you have two check valves in the bump one stationary is standing valve not moving and one moving up and down with the plungers we I will show you the picture how it's moving how it's running all together you know is called traveling Valves and so plus this bomb we said you know it's will run inside the completion inside the sitting nipple how to stop the bum inside the sitting nipple how to prevent the flow going out of the bomb to back again to the bottom of the well then what this what you call sitting assembly to hold the bomb in place and to not allow the flow the bomb produce inside the tubing to back again to the below the bomb these are five main component of the subsurface bom okay how it's running all together you know we said there is five main component these five main component how it you know work how to interact to each other to produce the fluids you know what the principle of operation for this pump you know let us to go one by one let us to go while we're going up and while we're going down how the fluids move from below the bump to the above the bump from below the bump from the perforation and so to the above the BMP to inside the tubing and so on you know going up we name this is upstroke this is subsurface bomb is at the bottom of the well the lowest part in the road lift system comp Road lift system component then going up we name this upstroke remember I said the bomb have two main two main parts Barrel assembly and plunger assembly plus I have five main parts standing Val traveling valve plunger assembly par assembly going up what mean you know if you are going up you know that's mean you know all the fluid will be act on the top valve the moving valve the traveling valve if the flo act on the top of the valve the valve is a b and SE then this flow will be closing the valve if this valve will be closed then the bomb while going up will displace all the flow above the plungers above the traveling Val it will displace to go out of the bump to be inside the tubing the tubing just connecting immediately above the bump then all the flow here while going up since we are going up all the flow since this valve traveling valve is closed will displace displace this flow going up because there is no place is moving is a positive displacement it's just you know displace whatever they have in front of it you know then displace all that flow to inside the tubing at the end we say that's complete the upstroke this is going up then while the bump is going up what happened down hole what what happened in the bottom of the bomp we said that you have two check valves you know usually the check valve is open by Delta B if the pressure below the valve is high then the valve is open if the pressure below above the valve is high then the valve is closed since this valve is closed as soon as start to going up then when we are going up is going up they leftt an empty chamber you know empty volume below it this empty volume and isolated the pressure inside the tubing from the below from below the traveling valve that mean the pressure inside the uh chamber of the bump will be a low then the pressure below the standing valve it's the intake pressure or the bottom hole flowing pressure for sure will be higher than the pressure inside the bomb because there will be no pressure inside the bomb in this case this traveling standing valve will pee open then in the upstroke while the standing valve is going up displace the float above it in the meanwhile the standing valve it's will be open and it's allow for a new float to move inside the bom below the traveling B then at the end of the upstroke completion of the upstroke that's I displaced all the float already previously founded inside the bump and I allow a new flow to enter the bom this is an upstroke what's going in down stroke then this is one one you know in One Direction while we going in down stroke what happen you know as soon as you are going in down stroke this is bow this have a certain weight of the pole then you change the direction of the float you try to change the direction of the float below the bum as soon as you're going up the bottom valve the standing valve will be closed since the botom valve will be closed the area between or the volume between traveling valve and standing valve will be trapped and if you have in Flo in that if you have incompressible float and so on then the pressure inside the bumb will be start to be building up start to be increased as soon as that pressure increasing even with one PSI with a pressure higher or then the hydrostatic head or the pressure above the bump traveling valve will pee open then traveling valve will be open and meanwhile in this case the fluid below the traveling valve will be displaced as soon as the traveling valve start to move down then start the traveling valve moving down while it's open then all the float already enter to the bump is moving to the above the bumb and we back to the same situation for the first configuration of the bump in this case you have a new flow you know above the traveling valve bua plungers and the cycle will will be repeated cycle will repeat all these cycle will called one stroke the one stroke it mean 50% of this stroke is going up 50% in the time of this stroke is going down this a bump cycle completely bump cycle in order to understand how these valves is closed and how is Operation I put here in in in different way Z in in a pressure in terms of pressures and so on in order just you know to have some some more you know just some more information about what's going on on the boms and and so on you know you know see in the in the right side hand in the left side hand is this animation of of the bomb house running and in the right side hand it is a two part of the bump one in the upstroke and one in the downstroke you know while we are going you know in the in the very right side one while we are going in the upstroke the pressure above it's what we call discharge pressures is equal the hydrostatic head for all the Flo from the bmps dips up to the surface plus the wallhead pressures plus the pressure loss remember in the in the my first lecture I say in order the world to be flowing then the bottom hole flowing pressure should be equal that in this case I created artificially bottom hole FL brush this what we Happ in the top of the bump what we Happ below the bump below the other bump at the bottom of the bump I have a standing Val this is standing valve you know the Delta B across the standing valve here will be the bottom of below the standing valve will be in bump in take pressure or bottom hole flowing pressure but the pressure you know Above This traveling valve or just standing valve will be no pressure because here traveling valve is closed since it's closed is isolated all this this charge pressure from the top of the uh standing valve then this allows the valve to open and you know have new float and so in the downstroke as soon as you are going down the bow or the valve change by change direction of float this valve will be closed this valve will going against closed volume closed area then the pressure here below the traveling valve will be compressed the flow below it and in this case the pressure will be a little bit High higher than the discharge pressure then the buom is the Val is open this is animation just to show you how it's running the bottom one is standing valve traveling valve here is going up traveling valve close close close close meanwhile standing valve is open amount flows go going down traveling valve is open standing Val is closed just to make sure about you understand how the bump is set inside the tubing there is depend on depths of the bump type of fluids downhole condition if I have sand if I have a hot downhole fluid hot and flid and so on there's different variety of the bottom of the pump just can be connected to the bottom of the bump in order to set the bump at any sitting level or any place down hall in the world one of the good things of this type of artificial LIF in in case you you know you want to test the Flowing Wells and there is no sitting nibble there is you know there is a a variety of technique or system you can use like this one what you call insert pump anchor which you can connecting to the top of the bump insert bump anchor is it is a mechanical backer G Lo type you can connecting to the bottom of the bump run the bump inside the tubing if the tubing there have no sitting Nel you can sit at any place at any depth you can test it the well and you know what's going or even if there's some damage in the sitting nibble and so on you didn't need to run a workover and so on you can use this just give you some picture about you know what type of setting device of the bump inside the tubing this just you know to show you how how it's sitting this sitting nibble and this is a bump sitting assembly the sitting assembly going inside the sitting nibble and this is you know stops the BM and seal the float I put this picture just you know have some imagion about that okay this system we say you know it's a forgiven system it's it's a flexible system and you know there is a variety can use as I said can use in in different type of Worlds as a fluids as a geometry all condition why because in the market there is different type of downhall configurations you can found the bond it's which you sweet your wealth suable to your wealth and so on you know generally speaking according to the API you know classification there is two main type of the BM one was called tubing bump and the other one called insert or Road bump you know from the name of these two bumps you know you can understand what's mean by tubing bump what's mean by inser BM if I said the tubing bump that's mean a part of the T B it's a part of the tubing remember you know initially I said the bump have two main parts Barrel assembly and plunger assembly in case of tubing bump all the outside parts of the uh bumps is connecting to the tubing what you called bump barrels and so for that reason you know it's called tubing bump the plunger assembly you can run on the road and but for insert bump the whole bomb barel assembly plus plunger assembly you can connecting to the road and you run inside that tubing and you are stopped as sitting in a b inside that tubing this is just some animation about you know how the tubing bumb is run and so on usually you set the bomb we have plunger assembly and we have par assembly but in case of tubing bomb the whole parts of the barrel assembly except you know the standing valve it's connecting to the tubing you know connecting to the tubing and run with the tubing with a well comple and how is run in this case we run separat the standing valve and the plunger we have different option you know either to run standing valve like this from the surface by drop from surface or wi line operation or you can connecting to the traveling valve assembly sorry the plunger assembly and when you reach to the bottom of the well you can dismantle this and so on plus after that you run the plunger assembly on the road string and the BMB can run up and down and so the second part of the bump is what we call insert bump in this case the insert bumb the whole type of bump plunger assembly par assembly standing traveling all bumps the whole parts of the bumb run at the one piece and connecting to the road string and running inside the tubing and sit on the sitting nib this is a well completion have only setting nibble no bump barrels nothing inside it only setting nibble and then you connect the bump with the road string and you run all the bump inside that tubing and you sit in the sitting you know even as I tell you again due to flexibility of these bump conditions and so on even this bump have two different you know type of two different configuration either this bomp can be you know run the whole bump to be in the top of sitting nibble or the whole bump can be in the bottom of the sitting nibble this what we called two different remember I said this B currently can use for Sandy worlds for some other environment then you have to run the bom that's suitable for this condition for that reason the manufacturing introducing different bump configuration different bump geometry and so on you know one of them is called you know top anchor bump in the top anchor bomb all the setting assembly in the top of the bomb since all the setting assembly in the top of the bomb then the whole bomb is run inside the tubing and pass from the sitting nipple and stopped at the top of the bomb then all the bomb Barrel assembly is B from setting ni plus we have the second part is called botom anchor bom all these setting assembly in the bottom of the pump each type of these pump have some advantage and disadvantage let us to look if you have a sand what of them you need you you have to use either to use a bottom anchor or or top Anor bound if I have a sand and I'm producing a sand from this Wells you know remember the sand it's have a tendency to settle down in the world you know if I start to produce sand with a flu with this bottom anchor pump you know and the sand produce and for any reason and so on you know the amount of Flo is not very high the velocity of Flo is is is not very high the flo viscosity also it's not high using API you know 30 32 33 40 and so on you know and even even even if the Flo is a little bit viscous and so on and you stop the well for any reason then the sand in the flow will if you will stopped or just the flu as I said carrying capacity of the flood is not high the sand will settle down and will settle in the area between the barrels and the tubing in this area if the sand start to accumulated in this area the bomb will become stuck in in in case you have any problem with the bomp you will not be able to remove the bump from the well unless you remove the whole completion and this will be big meth you know really big problems to have that then this type of bottom anchor bump is not suitable if you have a sand and so on then in this case we are going to top anchor bom but why since the top anchor bump is using for sand why are not using for all the world no sometimes you know if you look to the top anchor bump What's happen what's the different pressure inside the bump and outside the bump for D boils for example WS was 10,000 ft 8,000 ft 9,000 ft and you have a pressure of the flow this charge pressure of the pump or just in the downstroke you know inside the bumb while we are trying to open the start standing Val this pressure will be higher than the hydrostatic head this pressure can be around 3,000 4,000 BSI what the pressure will be outside these bump barrels you know the pressure outside the bump Barrel is a bump in take pressure and usually the road lift system use very low bottom hole flow pressure was can be 50 BSI 100 BSI 20 BSI 30 BSI and you have a big Delta B across the barrels in the down stroke you know the big Delta B of the barrel across the down stroke then the barrel can be can be start to be you know have some boning effect and even sometimes can be reach to burst the barrel and so on you know and this case is not you know is not found in the other one because the pressure inside and outside and down stroke will be equal the same and and so on you know unless you know you have in the upstroke the pressure outside will be higher than inside but the collapses resistance is higher than the you know the bur pressure and and so there's some different more applic more function for each typee but however you know this is it's it's in the in in the market and in the market not only you know different type of pumps and so on even different size you can have found a very small size of bump from one and one to five of inches bump size you can found bump up to 4 and qu inches maybe bigger than this bump with a special bump if you look to the bump you know the normal bumb you found the incremental between one bump to the other about quarter an inches of bump these a bumb pors about the bump and when the bomb size was increased then the volume you required with each stroke volume of this flow displaced to the bomb will be increased and so on as I said there is different type of bump there's a tubing bomp there's a road bomp and even there is a special bomp either special tubing bump special Road bump and so on you know to just to handle your downhall condition your difficult fluids you found in the wells and so on that's mean you know what type of bump you need to use what type of bump you have to use how to specify the bump you know if you wanted to specify the bump and order your Bump and design the bumb you know how you are describe your buom in order to describe your bomb the API supported us and helps us in that he said okay in order to describe your bom there is a certain description as API to describe the bum while all of us can understand that if I send a certain description to an engineer in state or engineer in Middle East engineer in Russia and so on and so on he understand what's the main component of the bump what the size of the bump is a topal down or botom down it is a tubing bump or Road bump and so on you know then the Abbi created certain descriptions and all the people worldwide agree about this description and understand this description when they read that description they understand what this bum what this bump as what as a configurations and as a size not as a mety we like to remember that the API configuration of the bump is side is about the side of the bump and the configuration of the bump then the bump designation is the main part of what we called API specification El if you look or search about API specification 11 ax will give to you a complete description about each part for the bomb and what size of the bomb what's the configuration what the descriptions and and so on you know this describes the mean this specification of the subsurface bump you know and you know tubing bump and insert bump you know usually they have it's comprised of even you know different part different s different but seven main separate ceg you know we said we run this B inside the tubing what if I I I designed the bomp and when to start to run inside the tubing and this bump will be not able to run inside the tubing in this case I failed to run I I spend a lot of money for workover and I fail to run then the first description you have to describe this bump will run in what size of tubing the I have to describe I have to mention what tubing should be will be used in the well and this pump to be run either inside or as a tubing then the first two numbers or first two parts is the nominal tubing size AI give us some you know some some descriptions about if tubing is 278 I use what number if three and a half I use what number usually use the nominal inside diameter of theup the second three parts or three numbers is the plunger size the bump size usually the bump size refer to the plunger size what is the bump size it is 1 Ines or two inches or two and a half inches or two and qu inches usually you remove the segments in the middles and you know you are added the three categories for example if it's one and qu inch pump it's 1.25 you remove the point is 125 then if I said this is tubing is 20 that's mean tubing is 2 38 if I said it's 25 there is some table you know just give you the exact number 25 that means this tubing is 278 is 30 that means tubing it's 3 and half inch tubing and so second part it's the bum po plunger size if I say you know this bump is 2 and qu an inch that's mean you know I have to put the number 2 25 if this bump is two in then I have to put two z0 okay that remember I said I have a tubing bomp I have a road bomb I have this bomb you know is connecting from the bottom connecting from the top and so on then the other four type four numbers or four letters after that is refer to the type of the bump and location of the sitting assembly you know it's a letter code you know the first two parts is number code this part is a letter code for example if if Road will be R if tubing will be T there is a table as I said you know in API if someone is needed I can send it to you exactly give to you what that mean for each part of this one if the bump if the barrel of the bump you know it's thick you know this metal of this bump is thick while the pressure is high or something like that then we called heavy H or W thin and so on if the bm's connecting from the bottom or the top a is the top B is the bottom and so on you know Road type heavy walls it's sitting nibble and if the bump sitting a simply it's cup or just all metal to metal mechanical and so on after that what length of the barrels if these Barrel l 10 10 10 ft or 20 ft or 15 FTS or based on on the manufacturing business is there some standard for this one the same for plungers you plunger it's what what length of the plunger in feets you know is is four feet or or three feet or or other feet plus there is some other two categories only used if the bump is heavy walls and you know there is special connection is in the top of the but let me give to you example just to clarify this little bit more you know just to make sure about you understand this volume this is about what we have in front of us this is insert bump and this bump will run inside the tubing this tubing is 278 in tubing the pump diameter the plunger diameter or inside diameter of the pump is 1 and half inch bump it's insert bump you see these two categories all the bump will run inside the tubing the bump Barrel this Barrel you know it's heavy wall see this picture you know thickness of the barrel you know as a steel the right one is heavy the the the left one is thin wall you know it's heavy wall is a bum connecting from the bottom you see the bottom assembly sitting assembly at the bottom or at the top is bottom bumb if this bump is mechanical or just cup types you know what is the length of the barrel and so if we give you that this description 25 150 rhpc 12 532 that's mean 25 it is the tub itself it's 278 you know and 150 that's the bomb it is 1.5 inch bomb after that it's insert bomb you see all the bomb it's run inside the tubing it's insert bomb you can run the bomb inside the tubing it's insert bomb like this it's not a tubing bomb after that we say you know the barel length 12 it is a barel lens from here to here is the barel lens after that a plunger lens five is a plunger lens what's the lens of the plunger is 5 fet the barrel is 12 feet after that the top extension three fet and the bottom extension is 2 feet this just an example you know to show you but if you go to the AI 11x we give you complete description about that and and very easy to understand all the bump what we have it's can be standard bump or you know it can be you know special bump in the market there is a variety plenty of type of bum depends on your condition you know if you have the gas if you have the sand you have the gas plus sand you have the corrosions if you have de boils if you have high volume have low volumes whatever you have you know and there is different type of bumps and if you have steam injection and and so on you second part in the uh or the or or just a component of the sod string it is what we call S Road string you know in in the in the reating bom system compon sarod string it is a mechanical link mechanical link to connect the bottom of the the bottom BMP the down hold bmps to the surface equipment this is one of the main function but usually the second Road string is not only transfer the motion the reating motion from top to the the bottom we have to consider while we Design This that it's subject to what to cyclic loads in upstroke will be a load lifting the plunger and lifting the flo will be a load in the road string and down stroke will be no no load in the road string then there cyclic loads in this one also this road is a steel there is some type different type of Road you it's subject to corrosion environment if there is water sour gas whatever you know this road string you know is connecting to each other by what you call cobbling and so on there is some friction can be especially for deviated well and so on this can be also cobbling restrict fluid and so on all that you have to be considered in the design of the system and so on it's just the normal standard one is a jointed secot connecting to each other until I reach to the surface with a standard lenses standard sizes for this usually the common standard L is 25 ft and there's some roads with 30 ft these a mean two common API standard Road string length is you either it's 25 ft or 30 feet and so on there's different type of Road string you know jointed Road string like the one what I show you before like this one is jointed Road string or you know we have what you called continuous Road string and and so on even the jointed Road string there is different standard type you know there's different conventional can be API or there is nonone API because according to API each Road have a certain grades certain grade can be stand a certain loads and and so on you know or there is something that we called you know fiberglass you remember there is some WS run for deep ws and if I run start to run steel roads maybe the load will be heavy there is a corrosion they are using fiberglass and so on or whole roads sometimes I need to use the roads just you know to do some injection down hall and so some people used hor roads and in the markets currently there is what you called continuous Road only jointed only one piece of of joint run from top to the bottom without cobbling without any s is little bit flexible allow you to run in different well geometry different well deviations and so on and and also eliminated the cobbling and the RO the shoulder of the cing and so on what are the main component of the road string if you look here the road string from the bottom of the bomb up to the surface unit whatever is connecting Service Unit up to the bottom of the bmps called Road string what are the main component of the road string what's compressed of the road string the road string composed of Polish Road polish road is the first to part which you know connecting the pumping unit to the road string which going up and down in this one plus some small Road string which you can completed the wells you know plus the road string itself and the cobbling which connecting the the string and so on as a general API di mention as they said you know is available 25 or 30 ft lenses you know all the road is male to male connections like this you know plus you have the cing to connect the roads to each other is female to female connection usually the roads string size you know it's starting from 5 over8 of Ines with an incremental of one over8 of inches until reaches you know one half inches or or just one and one over eight of inches you know but however in the market the main common used size is 34 78 1 in 1 over 8 in you know then the common side and the AI side size of road we have the size the difference between size and the other was incremental of one over8 in for example 3/4 second one is 78 third one is 1 in after then is one and one over8 of inches and so and we have some small Road string just used for lifting some a bump for connecting completing the well and so on you know it's called Bonin according to the AP I like the tubing like the casing like the has there is some different grade as the API there is three main grades you e gr c grd k and GD D there's different type of GD D and so on and plus there is some non API special high strength load which can be withand high loads high high loads it can be run for Dews or big poor size pump if the standard API Road string not able to lift the uh fluids and so on you in in in additional to that sometimes you know at the part of the road string you know this road string while we are going up is lifting all the type of floods you know lifting all the type of floods in the road string will be under tension while we are going down you know the road string lifting nothing and going against you know pushing the plunger inside what the bump and so on and there is a PCY also lifting that you know against this flow then the road can be subject to buckling you know in this case in order to eliminating buckling they are using a heavy weights heavy weight part it's just big por sides of Steel roads or whatever you know called Sinker part the main function of that Sinker part you know just to help the road string to be under tension and reducing you know Road buckling tendency of this one the one of the advantage or disadvantage of this it's you know it's more weights on the road string and so on and and but you know when we design the Ws I have to consider this buling tendency after I design the wells selecting the road string I start to you know exam for a buling if I found the buling for the road string then I start to add one by one Sinker bar at the bottom to keep the road string under tension in the downstroke and so on in the market also there is what we call fiberglass Road not not only steel roads fiberglass Road you know the fiberglass road is a light lighter Road string than the the standard roads which we allow you to to run in a deep Wells and so on you know it's also suitable for corrosion but the problem of this one it's one of the advantage is cost cost is very high handling also you know and also you know it's du to excessive stretch characterization of of this fiber glass you know maybe I look down whole stroke you know there will be a more stretch on you know it's have some problem you know if the road is damaged for for fishing operation and so on to fish this one and and you know usually fishing operation it start to be very hard for fiberglass Road it's not common used and however there is another type of Roads is called you know Hol suer road while I can use you know to inject something inside the tubing but this one usually used not for deep Wells and and for shallow wells in case I need to inject something inside the wells and so regarding the more technology the current technology use is called what continuous s usually we said the the connected jointed standard roads is a jointed road with a length of 25 ft or 30 ft then each 25 ft or 30 ft you have to use a cobbling to connect to each other this cobbling if if have a ro for example size 1 in the cobbling usually is more than 2 in size then the cobbling is restricted the float the cobbling will run inside the tubing there will be tendency of the cobbling to connect with the tube to just you know to FR to have friction with the cobbling as the tubing and to already it to each other then the manufacturing you know introduce to the market what we call continuous Road one joint from top to the bottom eliminated all that you know cobbling and and all that restriction is found plus it's a little bit flexible you know for bending and and so on you know but in this case you know I have to have a bottom special device in case you have a problem and so on in the road string then I have to cheer and cut in the bottom and and lift it to the surface one of the main advantage you know for the continuous Road string remember you know I said this can be used allow you allow the road string the reciprocating Road string to run for deviated well and even for horizontal well if you look to the look the left the right side hand top one picture is a standard Road string with the cobbling see is deviated well the cobbling is running in the low side then the cobbling you know all the loads will be on the two points two point is contact between the RO string and the and and and the tubing because the the cobbling is have a big size then the contact will be only in the two point then the side loads if you have a side loads here then the side load will be in two points if the side load for example it's 100 pound then this point is subject to 50 pound up and down as a friction between Road and tubing and the lower part also is subject to 50 pound then the friction between Road and tubing with a side load is 50 pound forces in this one what if I used a continuous Road string The Continuous Road string and will be in the low side in all that side loads is will be distributed to all the road string if the road string this for example you know the length is 25 FTS then all the 100 side load isut distributed to to to 25 ft then in each point of this one will be subject to only four pound then is each point instead to be subject here 2.4 50 pound each point here will be subject to only four pounds or something like that you know over this point then the running life for the road running life for the tubing will be extended you know you know for for long long times and so on after that you know even if there is no continuous roads and we ran in ad deviated Wells and so on what what you know what I can use to Extended my my road life my my running life of the road strength usually they are using what we call a road guide centralized you know it's used just you know to protect the tubing from the casing you know in for the tubing itself for the road itself I I inserting something like that is fromal hard um what you call special hard type of t nylons plastic different type which is softer than the metals if there is some erosion will be in this part and so on S AI nure you know as be also as the road string as bup down bumps there is a certain nure the same for the road string also it's the same the AI also defined the road string at a certain imature if I run in the whe Road string what size of Road string I have to say according to the API as I said you know the road string according to the AI they Define the road string with a number if I have in the well you know a road is 3/4 inches you not say 3/4 inch they said I have six I have eight I have seven I have what that mean you know because if you look to the road string I said is was incremental for each size between side and the other was one over8 of inches you know the same the bottom line of of this one is the same you know then the incremental of of this one is one over8 of inch then 3/4 in means 6 over 8 uh 1 in mean 8 over 8 then if you talk to the to part of this decimal then that mean you know 3/4 is referred to the number of six 1 in is referred to the number of eight then the AI Define the road string with a number and so on why is doing that because in majority of the worlds you run in the Ws not only one size of Road string usually you run Road string with a tabed road string tabed Road string that's mean why was in the top of the wall the road string is subject to the highest load because it's lifting all the flow of the weight the flow FL the weight of the flu plus lifting the weight of itself what about the joint above the bomb The Joint of the road or the road above the BMB is only lifting the flow then in order just you know to reduce the the weight of the road string and also as economical point of view to reduce the right the size of the road string which will be more cheaper then they r with they run with a table Ro string from top to the bottom in order to Define this table then they Define with a number what that mean and so on and how we can have a table Road string T that's mean the road from top to the bottom is not one size I run with a bigger size near to the surface then while I going down in the well I have to to reduce the size reduce the size because the top part of the road is lifting all the road string below it the top joint here is lifting the whole joint of the road string plus the weight of the RO but the lower part of the road string only is lifting the the the flu loads and so on then the Ted Road string is referred to the diameter of the largest road while it is used at the surface of the well to the smallest Road size while it's used at the bottom of the well you know and there is a special design and there is a different software used to just you know to design this one in order to give you a balance about what size I have to use the what's the length of the top one what's the length of the middle what's the length of the bottom one and so and so onion then each size of the road as I mentioned before according to the AI is is GI for each size of the road with a certain number 5 over 8 is the number five 3/4 number six was 6 over 8 7 over 8 is 7 1 in 8 over 8 is 8 1 and 1 over8 one and one over8 inches 9 over 8 is 9 and 10 and so on usually if you have a road string like this you have to refer to the first one and last one and you know logic will be a middle roads between the two sides and so on for example in the front of us we have three sizes table Ro string 1 in 78 and 3/4 according to the API this one is referred is called API 86 table Road string when you are reading the book or when you reading the report or the World Report or whatever or someone say okay I have in this world AI Road string 86 immediately it should become come to your mind that 86 years is means that you run in the top is 8 in 1 in in the bottom is 3/4 in then in the middle for sure will be a seven 8 over8 of inches this is what you call 86 t d string what if I run with one size from top to the bottom if it's run with one size from top to the bottom you are rep the number because AP according to the API number the road string must have two numbers you know then for for example if I run from top to the bottom with 78 in road then this will mean 77 Road string inside the way if it's only two sizes 78 and 3/4 then 76 and so on you know but you know according to the API design according to the um the software design I cannot say this a table Road string AI 8 string 86 road string unless you know this is Road string is balancing with the stress at the top for each sections the top for example if this road subject to stress 90% of each maximum stress the 80 s is the seven 78 you know Road string the top of 78 should be have the same 90% you should have the same 90% of each allowable Road strength and so on come to the surface equipment surface equipment is very easy you know and the function of the surface equipment only to produce a reciprocating bumping reciprocating motion which is transfer through the road string to the downhole pumps mainly we have the bumping units plus the prime m in this one the bumping units in the surface which is as they say is producing reciprocating motion up and down is used to stroke the bottom hole pump you know and also meanwhile to reduce the speed of the prime mover to the desired speed okay the prime movers or the motor is run for example one 1,000 RPM but I need to run this whe up and down with one RPM with one stroke per minutes going up and down or two how to do that pumping units with some other accessories is used to do then it's carrying all the way to the float not only you know is reciprocating it's reciprocating with carrying the well flow you know carrying the flu of the road string the weight of the road string plus the weight of the flo according to the API also you know AI defined everything in the reciprocating Road lift system downhole bombs there is AI roading and the bumping units even the same the beam type of bumping unit is the same the AI is is defined the beam bumping type this type of bumping unit because there is different type of bumping unit different geometry different capacity of these bumping units because according to the well float the load floats the float volumes and so on I have to use a certain side of the bump you know according to the API is defined the bump with n clature similar like that you know first is give a letter to give to you what type of unit look to these pictures you have different type of unit this first one in the left side top one is conventional smart two air balance low profile reverse and this portable and so on you know there's different type according to what type you have in the world you know then the first letter give you what type of units you know it indicates for what type of units we are use conventional or Mark each letters it give you you know indication for what for the after that you know this units as I said you know is used to transfer or just to convert the Rotary motions of the prime mover motor or whatever to a reciprocating motor reciprocating motion reciprocating motion up and down meanwhile reducing the speed you know and lifting the floats you know then I must have what you called gear reducers this gear reducer what's the capacity of this gear reducer I use a gear reducer capacity based on what based on well flow based on how much stroke are going up and down and so on low and you know stroke going up and down then second number of is indicating to the maximum what maximum rating torque for this gear reducer and usually this is you know reading in thousand of pound you know what you call you know it's rating in thousand of inch pound in the crank shaft of the bumping units what's mean of crank sha this is a crank sha and this is a gear reducer in this one how much torque is generated these bumping units and can be us stand each gear reducers you know is reducing the speed it's in one time or two time or three time the main common 99% of the gear reducer using for B bumping units is what we called double reduction gear reducer reducing the speed inside the gear reducer into two stage and so on then this unit you know how much fluid how much Lo is able to lift you know what you called polished Road how much loads will be here in the polished roads you know just this units can be lifted up and down you know and this usually is measured in 100 of pound plus how much longer stroke can be lifted you know to prating the bump the bump this is the last number it's the longest stroke length of the BM just just to be a little bit more clear you know let us to have these numbers on the units and so on you know for example I have the units this C 1280 D 365 192 what's that mean for the unit first C is a conventional this type of unit as you see is a conventional type second the number 1280 that's means torque in the gear reducer maximum torque can be in the gear reducer is will be this 1280 th000 inch pound you know maximum torque in this gear reducer we know also how much load can be lifted by this unit without you have any failures in the equipment this wire or just bending the the working beam or stresses on this one then the maximum load this this units can be withand 36,500 bound how much units stroke can go up and down stroke the downhole bumps is 192 in stroke Cano going up and down in this really in the market you know since this is being type of bumping unit is limited with a stroke lens and when we increase the stroke length I have to use a bigger you know gear reducers because this will be you know according to the torque generated more torque and so the manufacturing currently you know is introduced what you call Long stroke length can be reached to more than 375 Ines and this allow not only just you know to to run the the well to produce high volume because when I I use Longer Road string I can produce more volume because the volume the bump displace is a function of what lunger size bump size and stroke lenses how much is the stroke lens going up and down plus how stroke per minutes you know and so on then going up and down you know with a long stroke lens this allow you to produce more not only that also allow you to run the bump at very very low speed in order to reduce the friction load in order to allow you to run in deep Wells or run run in a deviated Wells with a very slow bumping units to extend the running life of the web as a long stroke there is some mechanical type there is some hydraulic type and even the hydraulic type there is different type of hydraulics there is some sometimes you can sometime you can install in the top of the Ws top head sometimes can be sked like the bottom one and so on you movers BR mover is the main import the main function of the BR mover is just to generate it you know the rotary motions to the bumping unit either to these conventional types or just beam types or to the long stroke one it can be electric motors or can be engine diesel engine or whatever type of engine electrical motors is one of the main common used type of prime movers for the bumping units or the reating bumping units why because it's slow maintenance requirement very high efficiency as energy cost is much less than to use the engine and feeding with diesel whatever no noisy or just very low noisy you can apply variable speed drive while we can change the speed in order to you know to change the bumping speed for stroke you know the bumping units and and so on up and down and so according to even the prime mover currently you know or or the motor there is different type of motor you know there is what like this one you know the picture one what we called induction electric motors this you know electrical parts I will not go a little bit deep on that but but according to the main common used worldwide is induction motor and it's specified by Z Nima is National Electric Manufacturing associating and each one is say okay I use Nea Nema whatever you know Nema B or Nema C or Nema D or just you know combined whatever you have each type of motor type Nema have a certain type of specification while had design you can selecting the suitable one for you your will but the main common one is used is NAD because it's high SLP and you know High starting torque and so on can go currently in the market there is really not a new type of motor called permanent magnet motors while we are you know can be you know using to reduce the speed whatever you have it's usually using in the low Tor shaft of the motors is generating low Powers low consumption of powers and you know it's more efficient than the induction motor is just this is a picture of this what this is a permanent magnet motor of one coming to the surface is the whe head is a very simple whe head I must have some po BL in case I wanted to change any type something in the in the top of the well I have to close the well for this one because in the road in the well I I I cannot use a valve you know I have to use something to close on the roads inside the well and to close the wells plus you have something like flow T to direct the flow to the flow line and they must have what you call stuffing box stuffing box is connecting to the top of the well which allow the road string the polished road going up and down meanwhile is preventing the float to to you know to spill around the world to go out of the well in this case the flo only can direct it to the flow line and and so on coming you know just this is a very very basic very brief about system system component at what we mean you know really there restating Road lift system forces or subject need at least you know me more than 15 lures or son however know coming to the road string or Su Road bumping system sorry design what to consider honi design like all the other of type of artificial LIF when I design or I need to design the system I must put in front of me all the possible information like is a well productivity how much amount Flo I will produce how much amount Flo will be producing from this well with a certain bottom hole flow pressure how much float will produce if I produce this certain amount of float how much will be the pressure at the pump and take pressure in order just to to allow me to design what will be the suitable depth to run the pump what's the BBT pressure volume temperature properties of the flu gas volume factors gas or ratio beta o you know formation volume factors and so on if this flow is corrosive if there is a sand if this what what will completion what size of tubing I have what size of casing I have in order to run this completion at the end economics way economics CICS and opics I have to run one of the main important things when we design the artificial LIF whatever Road lift system or BCP or or or or or ESB have you have to start from the bot because I saw a lot of Engineers is ignore this one you have to understand that this pump is run run at the bottom of the well then you don't need to design your Bump capability as the fluids and and so on based on your standard inflow performance IP R because standard inlow performance this is blue one you know curve you know is measured the uh floor rates and the pressure but these flow rates at the stock tank as the standard condition 16 60° F and 14.7 P PSI you know but the bomb is run at the bottom if you design for example if we said I need to produce 400 Barrel per days you know in in in order to produce a 400 bar per day you siing your pump to produce 400 bar per day unfortunately this pump you know at the bottom the amount of float will beay higher then whatever you reach to the tank will be less than that however there is some paper I I published about this one in Sp also in details if you want if you want to go in details in that I can send it to you and so then you have to design based on what in Reservoir par per day this if you are producing with a pump in take pressure above the bubble point that means there is no gas at the bump intake but what happen if there is a gas at pump intake if there is a gas then there will be a volume of the gas and the volume of the gas isy the volume of the bump a part of the bump and this a part of the bump it's it's you know it will be instead of the buom to displace a full of liquid no dis Liquid Plus some gas then the amount of liquid the bump will be this place will be less then the amount flow reach to the surface will be less what I wanted to say here you know when you design your system you need to consider the total Reservoir fluid at the bump condition and one yes there is a four fluids at the floid you need to consider the formation volume Factor but at the gas you need to calculate how much free gas as a bump how much free gas as a bump how much gas will be venting to the casing how much volume of gas will be entered to the bomb in this case you need to design the bomb on that for example if I said I want to produce 400 Barrel per day then I have to say yes 400 Barrel per day if there is no gas I have to sizing my bump to produce for example this amount of float or if there is a gas I have to to size a bump to produce this size of float for example if you want to produce uh about 550 par per day at bottom flure 200 PSI then you need volume to reach to the tank 550 per per day this is Q then what size of pump I have to have this what volume you have to displace if there is no gas you want to size you need to size the B to lift six barrel per days in the bump what you call bump displacement the bump double hold the volume I cannot say production down hole I say bump dis Place how the much how much the bump dis Place flow from the bottom of the well to inside the tubing this is the volume display if there is no gas if there is gas and you are not able to vent the gas all the gas going to the bump then in order to have 550 Barrel reach to the tank this bump must be displaced inside the tubing over about near over 550 barrels per day then if there is a gas and you able to eliminate the gas enter to the bomp the volume will be decreased the volume increase until you reach you know to if you are able to eliminate all the gas then you reach only to 600 Barrel bir day gener speaking as I said you know the BM displacement is a function of what speed and plus plunger diameter plus the stroke length but what stroke length you know this bumb is running for example at the surface it's 100 in stroke length but whatever is reach to the bump is not 100 in then I I have what you call effective stroke lens your your Stoke lens at the surface transfer to the BM via what via the road string this road string is what is a steel and the steel it's have tendency of elongations then a part of the steel will be stretches then if in order if I have 100 Ines in in the top and if assumed due to the load in the steel this is the stretch is 2 in then the next stroke reaches to the BMP it's one 100 minus 20 is only 8 in then I use 8 in if the stroke per minute is diameter is you know for example is 2 in is two square plus the efficiency I have two type of efficiency here for the B either it's a mechanical efficiency and volumetric effici the all the bump is a Mechanicals is is a valves plunger and so on for sure each mechanical system have a certain efficiency for some Sage some particle then you have to consider the the efficiency of the of the bom plus the mechanical efficienc plus the volc how much amount of gas going to the bomp how much shrinkage of gas going to the bomp is there a gas have some form is there a form inside the bump then two different efficiency should be considered in this that's V it's the bump displacement at the bottom when I want to calculate how much flow reach to the surface I have to divide V to the oil formation volume factors and so on what makes the float displ at the bomb different from what we see in the tank different things first of all a slippage you know the plunger in order to move inside the bump should be there is a clearance should be there is some space between plunger and Barrel for each stroke there is will be some flow to slip down you know I have to calculate and so on plus shrinkage you know a gazi in solution you know it will be inside the flu because at the BMP size because the pressure at the pump the flu will be under a certain pressure at the bump but the flu in the tank will be at the standard condition then when the flu reach to the tank for sure the gas come out of solution reducing the volume of the fluid plus if there is a foam this not in all Wells but there is some wells have form tendency and so on then when I start to design I should be start from bottom to the top I should be start from subsurface bum I have to know what the size of the bump what type of the bump what the material of the bump then I have to start with the road string what's the configuration Road string what size what's the grades what's the coupling size is it t or just continuous or fiberglass and and and so on plus a bumping un what size of bumping unit what type of geometry and some other accessories iner bars some other accessaries I have to use plus the prime mover and so on I need you to remember what type of forces in the pump in up stroke and dumps in order to understand and because usually a designer TR ER in order to to you know to optimize your design you have to understand what's the the forces in the Bing unit in up and down you know while you're going up stroke you have the weight of the road string you have the weight of the flow you have flow resistance frictions you know all that's we called we we are equal big Polish Road load the load and the upstroke while we are going down you are eliminated some some of this weight you know it's the weight of the float there is no weight of the float then upstroke and downstroke will be different weight you have to consider this when we design your equipment why because you have when you design your equipment you have to have you need to have a minimum minimum loads in your system in order to in order to extend your system running life and and so on you then as operating parameters you know while the load is increasing what you call the Running life will be decreased and the load here is structure load in the torque and so on then for that reason you have to optimize you have to minimize you're yes yeah I have to produce whatever I need to produce but with a with a minimum POS possible loads in order to extend my running life and minimum possible cycle for that reason we said you know if possible use long stroke pumping units I reduce a cyclic you know loads you know instead to run with five stroke per minute I run with one stroke per minute two stroke per minute instead for the well to have failure after for example one year maybe Z can work on running for two years three years five years without Road when the cycling is increased that mean you know the the load or just the running life will increase and even the power consumption there's SE several software used in the market to siing the road string one of the main common software is called ISRO usually SRO you know this is the screen what you see from the S Ro also if in any time if someone want to just to have some quick overview about SRO I can you know schedule one this is you know just one of the main common software used you know just sensitivity analysis for all what's going on the bumping system and Road string and down hall bumps and you can run different sensitivity analysis for this one plus you know this can give you about what and configuration and so and this just some of the screen of these softwares and you can analyzing all the data and even you it's building on all the type of units all the road string according to the apis and so on you know and this is just can generate for you more than 10 reports you know just to evaluating or your system and so on the second one is called Roadstar program is Roadstar program is the same like is Road also this can be make some sensitivity analysis and design for you for the system surface equipment and down pole equipment analyzing Road string you know or arising bming unit the main common device or main technology used is called the dynamometer surveys the dynamometer is the most available tools used for analyzing surface and downhole equipment and just measur the load at the surface equipment vares position and based on that using a certain way of calculation and and you know analysis is doing some what you call some analysis about service equipment and downhole equ plus in order just to evaluate the downhole flow where is the flow in the well and so there is what we called EOS sounding or ecometer technique can give you how much float in the well if there is a float above the bump if the float below the bump or or whatever you you have General also like other artificial LIF this is slide showing what the list of API and ISO standard for Road lift system each part of the road lift system there is certain if API Stander you can refer to you in order to know exactly what is the condition what is the siing and so on for that uh just this is all what I have for the time being and this is a very brief about Road lift system and what's going on the road lift Dr Ahmed I received some question you know here you know like about are there is any limitation of a reciprocating bumping system for sure there is a limitation no type of artificial lift will have no limitation yes Road lft system have a limitation for example one of the limitation is a float if I I wanted to produce high volume of the flo this system have a certain capability of produce flow and even you know with deps when the deps is increase the capability of this system to produce high volume will decrease for example if I wanted to produce from 10,000 ft the the ability of this system to produce um float will be not more than 200 300 Barrel per days you know deviation yes deviation for sure even if this system currently reused is used for deviated Wells but you know there's some more limitation due to frictions of the road string to the tubing and and so on gas yes gas is is is there is some limitations the vatc efficiency will be decreased even if there is some you know gas bump gazy bump and so on for sure there is some limitation for this one and so on any other questions you can type your question if you like you know I receive another questions here you know from one say yes is this system capable to be used in offshore uh offshore it's no because for of sure you know this system you know required a big space big space and and and usually the the offure is limited with the space and volume on the platform even if there is some area you know but few worldwide using a small units a small thing like in Egypt in GBC they are using some small but is limited you know it's the last choice for artificial lift to be used in offshore operations yeah one one more questions here it's said you know how this system is run in horizontal WS yes in horizontal Wells you know when I said horizontal Wells yes we run the bomb with a certain precautions about what two things you know here first things is a road string if I have to run this system in horizontal will I must run with a Core Road continuous roads the jointed road is not be suitable for uh horizontal ons second what type of downhole bump how can I set down whole pumps how can I allow the valves to be open and close then I have to consider this in the design of the pumps and so on and and and and and that can be yes can be used but this could be yes sometimes one limitation but according to the technology with Improvement in the technology currently the envelope of application between the all type of artificial lift is increased and so on any other questions yes someone say about the limitation of the gas yes this gas limitation for the gas yes there is some gazy BMP and for the gas you know the main problem for the gas you know while we are going in the downstroke if there is a gas in the bump the bump have to be the traveling valve be to compress the gas below the traveling valve before the traveling valve will be open if there is a gas the gas is compressible flow you know then the gas is compressible flow that's mean you know this is you are you are losing a part of the bump while we are going down hole it this is a part of the bump will be losing you know and and this case the volumetric efficiency will be much this in this case and so on there's one more question say can we have a class on how the software is used for simulation yes for sure we can have I have a license for that and can I run for you really it's very interested and even maybe even if some some of you still studying and we want to do some more study they can use software either is RO or Road Star to do a lot simulation or study for that yes we can we can do that uh I receive some more question will p a fourth lecture about ESB yes will be about ESB the fourth one in another question when the artificial lift can be applied on the wells I mean what is the main parameter which can indicate that it time to lift artificially it's very easy very simple to say when you are feel that whatever you are reach it to the surface as production it's not your maximum production you can have it from the world for example if your inlow performance is GI to you that you know this will is capable to produce at its maximum potential 1,000 bar per day and you receive at the surface at the flowing WS is 100 bar per day in this case this a flowing yes you do some optimization first before using artificial with noal analysis in case you have some problem restriction down hall you want to reduce any restriction but still you are not capables to produce your desired production from the whe in this case you say yes they have to run the whe artificially but you know before also to say I have to run this well artificially I have to study the reservoir if I increase the production of reservoir is this will effect on the reservoir if there is can be created some like water coring gas coring or whatever if you increase the draw down too much and so on but you know the volume or the amount of production is reached to the surface is one of the important things can give to you indication there is different things but you know this one of the main important things we can have this one okay any more questions if know you know it's okay and also um we can schedules you know after we finished all our lectures I can schedule like AEL discussion I can invited some of expertise from different area worldwide someone in Road string someone in in B in BCB and in gaslift and in ESP and so on and we can have General discussions you can you can prepare your questions and all of us we can we can answer you even from different area worldwide from different country in order you know to answer with different language any more any more questions