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Analysis of Susan Glaspell's "Trifles"

May 2, 2025

Lecture Notes: "Trifles" by Susan Glaspell

Setting and Characters

  • Setting:
    • The abandoned farmhouse kitchen of John Wright
    • Gloomy and disordered with unwashed pans, a loaf of bread outside the breadbox, and a dish towel on the table
  • Characters:
    • George Henderson: County Attorney
    • Henry Peters: Sheriff
    • Lewis Hale: Neighboring Farmer
    • Mrs. Peters: Sheriff's wife
    • Mrs. Hale: Wife of Lewis Hale

Plot Overview

  • The play opens with Sheriff, County Attorney, and Lewis Hale entering the Wright farmhouse to investigate John Wright's murder.
  • Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale accompany them but remain near the door.
  • Mr. Hale’s Testimony:
    • Hale recounts discovering Mrs. Wright acting strangely and finding John Wright dead upstairs, strangled with a rope.
    • Mrs. Wright seemed indifferent and was pleating her apron when Hale arrived.
    • Hale describes trying to engage Mrs. Wright in conversation about a telephone, to which she reacted with a laugh.

Investigation

  • The County Attorney and Sheriff search the house for evidence of motive.
  • They dismiss the women's domestic observations as trifles.
  • Kitchen Observations:
    • The County Attorney criticizes the state of the kitchen.
    • Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters defend Mrs. Wright, attributing the disorganization to farm life.
    • Women notice that fruit preserves have frozen, which Mrs. Wright was worried about despite her situation.

Women's Discoveries

  • Quilt Discussion: Women find an uneven patch in a quilt Mrs. Wright was working on, indicating nervousness.
  • Birdcage Discovery: They find a broken birdcage and later discover a dead canary with a broken neck wrapped in silk.
  • Implications: The dead bird suggests a motive—the canary could symbolize Mrs. Wright’s lost happiness; perhaps John Wright killed the bird, leading to his own murder by Mrs. Wright.

Themes

  • Gender Roles and Perception:
    • Men's dismissive attitude toward "women's work" and domestic concerns.
    • Women’s attention to "trifles" reveals critical evidence.
  • Isolation and Oppression:
    • Mrs. Wright’s isolation and her transformation from a lively choir singer to a subdued farm wife.
    • Women's solidarity and understanding of Mrs. Wright's situation.

Conclusion

  • Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters choose to conceal the evidence of the dead canary to protect Mrs. Wright.
  • The play ends with the County Attorney unaware of the significance of the women’s discoveries, emphasizing underestimation of women’s insight.