Blood Flow Through the Heart

Overview of Blood Vessels

• Veins: Blood vessels carrying blood to the heart.
• Arteries: Blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart.
• Color Representation:
  • Blue: Deoxygenated blood
  • Red: Oxygenated blood

Path of Blood Through the Heart

Blood Entry to the Heart

• Superior Vena Cava: Receives blood from the head, neck, upper limbs, and chest.
• Inferior Vena Cava: Receives blood from the trunk, viscera, and lower limbs.
• Both superior and inferior vena cava lead to the right atrium.

Chambers and Valves

• Right Atrium: First chamber for incoming blood.
  • Blood exits via the tricuspid valve (three flaps) into the right ventricle.
• Right Ventricle: Receives blood from the right atrium.
  • Blood exits via the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery.

Pulmonary Circulation

• Pulmonary Artery: Carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs.
  • Splits into left and right pulmonary arteries for each lung.
• Lungs: Site of gas exchange (carbon dioxide out, oxygen in).
  • Blood returns to the heart through pulmonary veins.

Blood Return to the Heart

• Pulmonary Veins: Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
• Left Atrium: Receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins.
  • Blood is pumped into the left ventricle through the mitral (bicuspid) valve.
• Left Ventricle: Final chamber before systemic distribution.
  • Blood exits via the aortic semi-lunar valve into the aortic arch.

Systemic Circulation

• Aorta: Largest artery distributing oxygenated blood to the body.
  • Aortic Arch: Has three major branches for head and arms.
  • Descending Aorta: Curls downward, supplying the chest, abdomen, pelvis, and legs.

Conclusion

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