Module 2: Motherboards
Objectives
- Describe and contrast various types and features of motherboards
- Configure a motherboard using BIOS UEFI firmware
- Maintain a motherboard:
- Update drivers and firmware
- Use jumpers to clear BIOS UEFI settings
- Replace the CMOS battery
- Select, install, and replace a desktop motherboard
Motherboard Types and Features
- CPU Dependency: CPU choice influences motherboard selection.
- Considerations for Purchase:
- Form factor
- Processor socket
- Chipset
- Expansion slots
- Connector slots and ports
- Cost (personal consideration)
Form Factors
- Types:
- ATX (common)
- Micro ATX
- Extended ATX
- Mini ITX
- Importance: Determines size, power supply compatibility, and case fit.
Chipsets and Processor Sockets
- Chipset: Works with CPU to control memory, buses, peripherals.
- Socket: The base for CPU connection.
- Manufacturers: Intel and AMD.
- Intel: Business-minded, generally more expensive.
- AMD: Popular in gaming, cheaper.
Intel Chipsets
- 600 series, 400/500 series, 300/200 series
- Sockets: LGA 1700, LGA 1200, LGA 1151
AMD Chipsets
- STR-X4, TR4, AM4, AM3+ sockets
- Popular for gaming (e.g., Threadripper processors)
Buses and Expansion Slots
- Traces: Circuits enabling data transfer.
- PCI Express (PCIe):
- Slot sizes: X1, X4, X8, X16
- X16 used by graphics cards
- Conventional PCI: Slower, for add-on cards.
- Onboard Ports: Integrated components like USB, PS2, video, sound, network.
Storage Interfaces
- SATA: Standard for storage devices (SATA-E, 3.X, 2.X)
- SAS: Successor to SCSI
- M.2 Slots: Various keys (B, M, B&M) for mini add-on cards
BIOS UEFI Configuration
- Functions:
- Enable/disable ports/components
- Manage security features
- Control boot process
- UEFI Advantages: Required for large hard disks, secure boot.
- Access: Enter by pressing specific keys during boot (varies by manufacturer).
Secure Boot
- Prevents malware before OS loads.
- Requires UEFI and supporting OS (e.g., Windows 10).
Overclocking
- Increases performance but may reduce longevity and stability.
Password and Encryption
- Drive Password: Limited protection.
- Full Disk Encryption: Most secure; protects entire drive.
Updating and Maintenance
- Drivers: Essential for hardware communication.
- BIOS/UEFI Updates: Can fix issues or add system support.
- Flashing Methods:
- From BIOS/UEFI itself
- From USB
- Express updates via manufacturer
Using Jumpers
- Reset settings if BIOS update fails.
- Jumper: Two pins on the motherboard.
Installing/Replacing a Motherboard
- Process:
- Verify compatibility
- Remove components
- Install IO shield and motherboard
- Install CPU, cooler, RAM
- Attach cabling
- Install video card
- Boot and verify system
- Install drivers
- Troubleshooting: Ensure form factors match to avoid alignment issues.
Summary
- Key skills: Describing types/features, configuring with BIOS/UEFI, maintenance, and installation.
- CMOS battery holds BIOS settings; removing it resets BIOS.
For further questions or clarifications, feel free to reach out. Enjoy your day!