Lecture on the Supreme Court of the United States

Overview of the Supreme Court

• The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States.
• The court's primary function is to interpret the Constitution.
• It is distinct from the legislative and executive branches, operating in a unique manner and with significant historical and legal importance.

Role and Function of the Supreme Court

• The court decides who wins under the law, not who ought to win.
• It is characterized by a high level of collegiality: if four of the nine justices want to hear a case, it will be heard.
• The court's decisions impact federal law and are binding on all courts.
• Judges must offer reasons for their decisions, distinguishing them from legislators.

Structure and Symbolism

• The Supreme Court building symbolizes justice and is an architectural monument.
• Various artworks and sculptures in the building represent justice and the law, such as blindfolded justice and the authority of law.
• The east pediment sculpture recognizes eastern traditions of law with figures like Moses, Confucius, and Solon.
• The west pediment emphasizes liberty under law with figures like Liberty and Order.

Historical Context and Changes

• The court has evolved with different justices over time, changing the dynamics and perspectives within.
• A new justice brings fresh views, potentially affecting how issues are addressed.
• The Supreme Court building was completed in 1935, designed by architect Cass Gilbert, under the initiation of Chief Justice Taft.

Processes and Decision-Making

• Justices prepare for cases with the help of law clerks and extensive legal research.
• Oral arguments are a critical part of the process, where lawyers are questioned by justices.
• Decisions are made in private conferences, where no one other than the justices can be present.
• Each justice has a vote, and decisions are written and circulated among them for finalization.

Public Perception and Influence

• The court's decisions are public and have a significant influence on American life.
• Despite being a public institution, the court retains a degree of mystery due to its private deliberations.
• Public protests occur outside the court, but are not meant to influence justices' decisions.

Tradition and Ceremony

• The justices maintain traditions such as wearing robes, which symbolize impartiality and the significance of their work.
• Post-argument lunches promote collegiality among justices, a practice emphasized by Justice O'Connor.
• Historic decisions like Marbury v. Madison established the court's authority in judicial review.

Challenges and Responsibilities

• The court receives thousands of petitions annually, but hears only a limited number of cases per term.
• Decisions must ensure federal law remains uniform across the country.
• Writing opinions is a detailed process involving drafts, revisions, and responses to dissents.
• The court upholds the Constitution and laws, aiming for fair, objective interpretations.

Legacy and Impact

• Justices are aware of their historical role and the court's impact on law and society.
• The court's history is reflected in its traditions, architecture, and the continuity of its work.
• As an institution, the Supreme Court remains a respected symbol of justice and the rule of law in America.