Essentials of Crop Science and Agriculture

Hello everybody, welcome back to our class Crop Science Ag 101. Today we're going to complete our first lecture that we take and Crop and People. We already talked about like how is that important and how is the plant only source that can convert energy from the sunlight and also how the agriculture developed during the years so and also the factors or the development of those crops the regions where is in the world and also the development factor that can be like for example genetic and selections and the crops how they like choose that one and also we talk about like the crop reduction area and how much is going to be like that in the wallet which crop is the first in the world and also in united states and kansas so comparison and all the numbers together so today let's finish that one and also let's uh the future like uh meeting the world food needed like it's usually when we talk about like the population data like in current rate now it's eight more than eight billion around the world but that's number like an increasing like so it's going to be increased and we expect in the future that we're going to have like uh and we're going to need more reductions more crew like to feed the wallet well um the scientists they expect they're going to be like the population number is going to be between 9.7 to a billion uh round like time like in 2050 and they expecting like maybe after like 100 year like for example it's uh 20 uh 100 is going to be 11.2 that is like just this is an estimation according to um like a few chart how is that increase the problem uh we're gonna face this problem uh what we have a limited area that we can grow crops uh not all the areas not all um on the land like all the land all the land in the world they are able to be uh like used as a crop land so we already took the percentage how much do we have land we have just like uh three percent like 20 of that whole world 30 percent is just land like 30 percent from that land is just like able to be used and like a crop like in agriculture less more than that it's able like to grow in a crop which is about like 11 percent or so this like slide show the world population growth like in between It's like 1,750 to like 2,100, how much they will expect. That number will increase the annual growth rate in the world population. And how is that going to be affected? And the world population and the number of the people population increase. So as you can see, the number of population, how much they're going to be like climbing up. They assume that study, it was like in 2015, but right now in 2023. And you can see the numbers a little bit here. So we are like passing. We're going up like to this edge here, which is like 8 point, probably 8.7 billion. and right now it's we still grow and that number is like a little bit increasing so world list develop region and more developed regions uh population growth like it between 1750 to 2100 those are the years like between those years you can see that asia africa And Latin America, all those regions, I'm going to use just a pointer here, less developed regions, and the population is still growing incredibly high. That's the total population. It shows this curve here. But this one is the region is less developed regions and more developed regions, which is this one. one is the population is still there like his consistency there is not a lot of difference the historical trend is the world famine due to like a first uh shortage has been like protected since like the 80s and that's like from different soils but why has not like the worldwide family habitant the population growth rate like have declined since 1960 and especially in the developed countries but um Thus, it doesn't mean that the whole population is not increasing, but it's a little bit slower. So the world food production in this case has increased, especially in developing countries since 1970. And also, taking into account the technology and the development of the agriculture by itself, increased the land. area productions compared to the old time. The green revolution, one of the reasons that like incredibly increased the production of that area, like as we watched the video of Norman Borlaug, which is like talking like he fixed a problem with the wheat and hairy which are what like about rice. Those people, they help like to develop. like a few varieties they are able to resist some disease which is like able to increase the food production around the world. The depth of the food defect which is like how many calories would needed left the under mush like from their statues. So as you can see in the world they are like an gray no data which is like the other countries they have like uh about the depth of the food defected which is how much do they need the more darker the more they need like demand the more they need like food as you can see this here is dark color that one that area here but after that like this in 2000 yeah sorry that's a 19. at 95 and if we see the second slide we're gonna find like that would start a little bit uh fixing changing in like 2005 compared to that time um so one of the things you have like to look for it just like how that like areas they starting like reduce the amount that the food needed by an like improving their productions too so sometimes problem they happen like in some area in some cases they starting like for example in 2015 they can see less countries they needed in food but there are other countries they still increase in demand which is like maybe for due to like the political situation or there is like a chaos or something happening to increase the demand prevalence of under nourishment which is like this is the main uh like fow which is a food agriculture organization um like it shows that the hunger around the world how much is that like was in 2000 and sorry in 1995 But after the change in the population number and also how much calories they require, how much do they need, like energy requirement, that's like active health and life in that area. Okay, so in 2005, the number, as you can see, it's also reduced to a high number, which is a very good lesson, prove a lot of things. There is like a difference like in just like a few years. you can see that how much the agriculture developed and how much they can feed those areas right now and that it doesn't mean that the world is still like they already solved the problem of the hunger but we believe so that's area it has right now solve most of the problem but we saw the problem and increased like the reduction in some area while the other area they have still struggle so in 2015 you see it's less requirement they require a little bit like uh compared to 1995 or 1996 and 2005 and this time here so from this one the population in uh billions of people and the increasing percentage of like how much they are like uh need from supply or food um the file underestimated the file like how much this will be in the future right now uh this one maybe it's all that about this still like functional we are right now in the middle here so as they expecting the level of population the average of calories availability uh increased but the problem is the population and increasing too so it's like maybe will be in shortage in the future into in 20 to 2050 and 2050 but uh the demand like right now they're achieving right now i believe so from the technology the numbers that are happening right now is it's a little bit acceptable but in the future uh for sure we can like we're gonna be in shortage The fruit production and land cultivated, which is the land, as you can see, it's like they can be like fix a few things in land, but it's still in the same numbers. And it's like it's not going to be increased because we know it's like a few places like desert mountains. It's difficult to grow crops in that area. and also it's not reflecting and it's not giving back what you put in there so one of the most important thing is a food production for the production is like increasing by the technology by the development by new varieties by a lot of things like cultivars they can be resistance for some diseases and other like type of Our development in agriculture was to improve the land cultivated. For example, there is like some area they can produce like they can in all time, some variety can like provide maybe 75 partial per acre. But right now they have like a new variety they can provide 125 partial per acre. So it's still the same area, but the production is increasing according to the variety that we use. and also the type of the agricultural bio itself like using for example herbicide, pesticide, new technology a lot of things improve the food production after 50 years maybe like the world uses like 68% less land of produce the same amount of the food so we have like improved a lot of reductions but still but overall we still have like some remaining problem to meet like the world food needed and For example, the higher population growth rate is developing nations and also the demand for each person from food productions. Food distribution, that's a big deal. I remember there is a few cases where there is a problem. Like a long time ago, like 10 years ago, we were discussing a problem of high demand for food. how the hangers still the same number like in statistics around the world like we did not like Phoenix regardless of for the increasing of the protection that because of the like the food distribution so for example We increase the food production per area in the United States for like a huge number, but that food will not reach the poor people. So it's still a problem with the distribution. And also lack of technology, developing technology to the developed countries. Like, for example, if they develop a new variety, that variety is going to be a little bit expensive. And it's not going to work maybe in that area. So in Africa, for example, or Asia or Latin America. So those are areas like they need like to do a lot of improvement to like, like, or we're going to find like solution how to distribute the food to that area. even if there is like adequate quantities like total calories of food there is like often a problem with the quality especially proteins so usually the proteins is a big problem you know we all know that protein is low compared in a plant compared to the meat but also the protein quality by itself is like a lot of different for example Right now they're working in like sorghum, how they want to improve the protein gene, like to improve the protein contained in sorghum, and that will be able to be digestible by animals, so they can like improve the animal productions. And that... Lead us to the role of the plant and animal production, like in meeting the world food needs, which is like the developed country. Like, for example, the plant, the calories flow from the plant is 90 percent, 90 percent, while the animal is 10 percent. And like developed countries, 70 percent is a plant and the 30 percent from animals, that percent of like from protein. like from calories but this from protein plant is like 75 while from animal is 25 but in developed country they rely more about like using animal to feed themselves like having more proteins anyway those number is just like statistic number as you can see in the plant animal story or like developed in the world like for example protein are composed of amino acid which is like containing a nitrogen a lot of nitrogen and several of which cannot like be in a scientist sized by a human like it does that must be provided by food like which is essential amino acid and some of it like they are like the our body cannot generate that so we have to take it like either from the food source the major cereal root and sugar crop of food they are of the world are very good like in energy sources due to the high level of carbohydrate they have it but they are like low in protein so even the protein quality in the animals it's more like having more quality compared to the protein that's from plant source Advantage of utilizing animal protein including what? So what they will provide. I'm not against the vegetarian people but that's our fact. We have to understand that animal products are more digestible than plant products. Like for us it's easy to digest. There is like a few things we cannot like our stomach digest. So that's one problem. animal produced products like have a better distribution of the essential amino acid than a single plant sources so um they have like all type of amino acid and which is a good source for amino acid also animal especially remnant like animal can use like soliders they can digest soliders in the plant but which is a human cannot like they just have like two from like to make that convert that to energy so uh that's like bring another like good thing like we're gonna talk about later which is convert right now um them like to a high protein food source and also animal can be uh uh use a food otherwise um unifed which is like for human consumption and spoiled the food damaged grains like a food productive they cannot be used like for example there is a like a one time as what you call skittles candy they were like a track it's dumped and like side of the road so they take that one and feed it to the cows yeah why they feeding it to the cows it's like a good for source like a carbohydrate and sugar and which is like can be like uh improve the uh the cow like uh performance like animal performance um also there is like a few manufacturers when they made those candies they are not in good shapes so those things they will not recycle they will not like use it again or they there is no way like to use again instead of wasting that they deliver that to like uh so animal facilities are close to them and those people they are happy like to mix it as you can see it in the left picture uh mix it with the food so they can eat it and that will be like give them a lot of energy carbohydrate and sugar which is a very good like a few things we we cannot like eat but animal can eat so that's a good thing it's not wasting like so a food source animal also are not like efficient converters like they are like uh are very like a high and sorry they are like very high uh converters to the food meat especially ruminant animals so for example like cattle sheep they can um convert like usually if they can convert a dry weight grain to live weight animals which is the value if the weight animal the animal it's a high as you can see the cattle and the sheep they are like a little bit they take in like eight um let's say pound they convert it to one pound meat so which is good right um you can see the hogs party They are a little bit in the middle, but the most effective one is the fishes. The fishes, they can provide a high weight in a small amount. So, like the other thing, developing nations short of food energy cannot afford to reduce the animal protein from grain crops. As we... do in like here in the united states and the other developing developing nations they consume uh stable like a crop usually a cereal or root crop directly for food energy and like depends and uh pull us crop we're gonna learn about the pull us crop and what's the difference between them and supplemental protein which is like puller scrub that means legumes legumes that mean they can that type of plant they will provide protein A mass consumer cereal, poultry, crop, leg combination to get like a proper amino acid balance in the protein. So that's a very important part. Challenges like for the futures and how the agricultural role in like feeding in the world, how is it going to be feeding the world? so productivity which is acceptance like of gmo from not gmo that's like even in animals or like a crop by itself some people they refuse like completely to gmo right now there is a label about gmo how is that going to be affecting why they are like afraid from the most products right now in the market the you will see no gmo no gmo um because gmo can be a problem for the environment but um the like i have a bit we have a big argument about that as we're going to take like another um like a discussion board about like a gmo in the future um but that's a big issue some people they accept it some of it not um but if you're talking about like poor people in like in like in poor countries they don't care about like in jima they want to like have enough food for themselves like for their kids for their family there's a lot of people they die from hunger because of that so um it's a it's a big issue but i'm not supporting gmo at the same time i cannot like say no don't feed the world a utilization the crop of food various fuel or sometimes they produce a lot of areas especially in united states as you can see there is a lot of corn a few things like corn they reduce those like to produce like a fuel so those are like having different type of variety they look at more how they do produce methane compared to uh the other type of variety they change a lot of things but it's still that's a big area a big problem environment like it changed the climate climate change as you can see in the whole world there is a lot of challenge like to keep the climate uh or to like um uh like Be able to do an agricultural due to the drought happening around the world or like a specific area. For example, in Kansas here, a few years, like two years ago or maybe years ago, they have almost a drought. This year, the harvesting will be like it's chaos. There is not a lot of rains. That's because of the change in climate. Most of the people, they understand there is a change in the climate, but most of, like there is a few people, they said, no, this is not the case, but it's still, we can see disasters around the world. Like in Kenya, for example, a few years right now, they have like a hunger, they have like a big... pig issue a lot of people there is a lot of animals there is no crops there is no food enough like for the people in that area health enhance the crop rotational quality which is pharmaceutical crop also the gm acceptance those are like a few cases maybe we can discuss some of it in the future Biosecurity, which is catastrophic diseases of plant and animal and reduced like accidentally or via tourism like a national bio and agro defense facility, which is called NBAF. So I believe so we finish all our classes today. It's not that long, but. uh we still uh like we finish our first lecture this is the second part um if you have any questions please um go to the board discussions or i can you can send me an email saying like uh what do you mean by that and what is that does it like a few things if you have any kind of questions i'm open to answer I want to know it's like there will be an assignment. So you find an assignment online and you can start working on your assignment. My recommendation, do not like wait until the mid, like a few days to the due date and do that before and submit that before. If you couldn't like, if you face any problem. Please. contact me and we can solve this problem. Finally, we have the source of the ag statistic data that we took. It's a little bit old, need to be updated. But I like those data because they shown exactly how much we talking about, which is like the population expectation and food production around the world, which is very important. Thank you. Have a great day and see you next lecture.

And how is that going to be affected? And the world population and the number of the people population increase. So as you can see, the number of population, how much they're going to be like climbing up. They assume that study, it was like in 2015, but right now in 2023. And you can see the numbers a little bit here. So we are like passing.

We're going up like to this edge here, which is like 8 point, probably 8.7 billion. and right now it's we still grow and that number is like a little bit increasing so world list develop region and more developed regions uh population growth like it between 1750 to 2100 those are the years like between those years you can see that asia africa And Latin America, all those regions, I'm going to use just a pointer here, less developed regions, and the population is still growing incredibly high. That's the total population. It shows this curve here. But this one is the region is less developed regions and more developed regions, which is this one.

one is the population is still there like his consistency there is not a lot of difference the historical trend is the world famine due to like a first uh shortage has been like protected since like the 80s and that's like from different soils but why has not like the worldwide family habitant the population growth rate like have declined since 1960 and especially in the developed countries but um Thus, it doesn't mean that the whole population is not increasing, but it's a little bit slower. So the world food production in this case has increased, especially in developing countries since 1970. And also, taking into account the technology and the development of the agriculture by itself, increased the land. area productions compared to the old time. The green revolution, one of the reasons that like incredibly increased the production of that area, like as we watched the video of Norman Borlaug, which is like talking like he fixed a problem with the wheat and hairy which are what like about rice. Those people, they help like to develop.

like a few varieties they are able to resist some disease which is like able to increase the food production around the world. The depth of the food defect which is like how many calories would needed left the under mush like from their statues. So as you can see in the world they are like an gray no data which is like the other countries they have like uh about the depth of the food defected which is how much do they need the more darker the more they need like demand the more they need like food as you can see this here is dark color that one that area here but after that like this in 2000 yeah sorry that's a 19. at 95 and if we see the second slide we're gonna find like that would start a little bit uh fixing changing in like 2005 compared to that time um so one of the things you have like to look for it just like how that like areas they starting like reduce the amount that the food needed by an like improving their productions too so sometimes problem they happen like in some area in some cases they starting like for example in 2015 they can see less countries they needed in food but there are other countries they still increase in demand which is like maybe for due to like the political situation or there is like a chaos or something happening to increase the demand prevalence of under nourishment which is like this is the main uh like fow which is a food agriculture organization um like it shows that the hunger around the world how much is that like was in 2000 and sorry in 1995 But after the change in the population number and also how much calories they require, how much do they need, like energy requirement, that's like active health and life in that area. Okay, so in 2005, the number, as you can see, it's also reduced to a high number, which is a very good lesson, prove a lot of things. There is like a difference like in just like a few years.

you can see that how much the agriculture developed and how much they can feed those areas right now and that it doesn't mean that the world is still like they already solved the problem of the hunger but we believe so that's area it has right now solve most of the problem but we saw the problem and increased like the reduction in some area while the other area they have still struggle so in 2015 you see it's less requirement they require a little bit like uh compared to 1995 or 1996 and 2005 and this time here so from this one the population in uh billions of people and the increasing percentage of like how much they are like uh need from supply or food um the file underestimated the file like how much this will be in the future right now uh this one maybe it's all that about this still like functional we are right now in the middle here so as they expecting the level of population the average of calories availability uh increased but the problem is the population and increasing too so it's like maybe will be in shortage in the future into in 20 to 2050 and 2050 but uh the demand like right now they're achieving right now i believe so from the technology the numbers that are happening right now is it's a little bit acceptable but in the future uh for sure we can like we're gonna be in shortage The fruit production and land cultivated, which is the land, as you can see, it's like they can be like fix a few things in land, but it's still in the same numbers. And it's like it's not going to be increased because we know it's like a few places like desert mountains. It's difficult to grow crops in that area. and also it's not reflecting and it's not giving back what you put in there so one of the most important thing is a food production for the production is like increasing by the technology by the development by new varieties by a lot of things like cultivars they can be resistance for some diseases and other like type of Our development in agriculture was to improve the land cultivated. For example, there is like some area they can produce like they can in all time, some variety can like provide maybe 75 partial per acre.

But right now they have like a new variety they can provide 125 partial per acre. So it's still the same area, but the production is increasing according to the variety that we use. and also the type of the agricultural bio itself like using for example herbicide, pesticide, new technology a lot of things improve the food production after 50 years maybe like the world uses like 68% less land of produce the same amount of the food so we have like improved a lot of reductions but still but overall we still have like some remaining problem to meet like the world food needed and For example, the higher population growth rate is developing nations and also the demand for each person from food productions.

Food distribution, that's a big deal. I remember there is a few cases where there is a problem. Like a long time ago, like 10 years ago, we were discussing a problem of high demand for food.

how the hangers still the same number like in statistics around the world like we did not like Phoenix regardless of for the increasing of the protection that because of the like the food distribution so for example We increase the food production per area in the United States for like a huge number, but that food will not reach the poor people. So it's still a problem with the distribution. And also lack of technology, developing technology to the developed countries. Like, for example, if they develop a new variety, that variety is going to be a little bit expensive.

And it's not going to work maybe in that area. So in Africa, for example, or Asia or Latin America. So those are areas like they need like to do a lot of improvement to like, like, or we're going to find like solution how to distribute the food to that area. even if there is like adequate quantities like total calories of food there is like often a problem with the quality especially proteins so usually the proteins is a big problem you know we all know that protein is low compared in a plant compared to the meat but also the protein quality by itself is like a lot of different for example Right now they're working in like sorghum, how they want to improve the protein gene, like to improve the protein contained in sorghum, and that will be able to be digestible by animals, so they can like improve the animal productions. And that...

Lead us to the role of the plant and animal production, like in meeting the world food needs, which is like the developed country. Like, for example, the plant, the calories flow from the plant is 90 percent, 90 percent, while the animal is 10 percent. And like developed countries, 70 percent is a plant and the 30 percent from animals, that percent of like from protein.

like from calories but this from protein plant is like 75 while from animal is 25 but in developed country they rely more about like using animal to feed themselves like having more proteins anyway those number is just like statistic number as you can see in the plant animal story or like developed in the world like for example protein are composed of amino acid which is like containing a nitrogen a lot of nitrogen and several of which cannot like be in a scientist sized by a human like it does that must be provided by food like which is essential amino acid and some of it like they are like the our body cannot generate that so we have to take it like either from the food source the major cereal root and sugar crop of food they are of the world are very good like in energy sources due to the high level of carbohydrate they have it but they are like low in protein so even the protein quality in the animals it's more like having more quality compared to the protein that's from plant source Advantage of utilizing animal protein including what? So what they will provide. I'm not against the vegetarian people but that's our fact.

We have to understand that animal products are more digestible than plant products. Like for us it's easy to digest. There is like a few things we cannot like our stomach digest. So that's one problem. animal produced products like have a better distribution of the essential amino acid than a single plant sources so um they have like all type of amino acid and which is a good source for amino acid also animal especially remnant like animal can use like soliders they can digest soliders in the plant but which is a human cannot like they just have like two from like to make that convert that to energy so uh that's like bring another like good thing like we're gonna talk about later which is convert right now um them like to a high protein food source and also animal can be uh uh use a food otherwise um unifed which is like for human consumption and spoiled the food damaged grains like a food productive they cannot be used like for example there is a like a one time as what you call skittles candy they were like a track it's dumped and like side of the road so they take that one and feed it to the cows yeah why they feeding it to the cows it's like a good for source like a carbohydrate and sugar and which is like can be like uh improve the uh the cow like uh performance like animal performance um also there is like a few manufacturers when they made those candies they are not in good shapes so those things they will not recycle they will not like use it again or they there is no way like to use again instead of wasting that they deliver that to like uh so animal facilities are close to them and those people they are happy like to mix it as you can see it in the left picture uh mix it with the food so they can eat it and that will be like give them a lot of energy carbohydrate and sugar which is a very good like a few things we we cannot like eat but animal can eat so that's a good thing it's not wasting like so a food source animal also are not like efficient converters like they are like uh are very like a high and sorry they are like very high uh converters to the food meat especially ruminant animals so for example like cattle sheep they can um convert like usually if they can convert a dry weight grain to live weight animals which is the value if the weight animal the animal it's a high as you can see the cattle and the sheep they are like a little bit they take in like eight um let's say pound they convert it to one pound meat so which is good right um you can see the hogs party They are a little bit in the middle, but the most effective one is the fishes.

The fishes, they can provide a high weight in a small amount. So, like the other thing, developing nations short of food energy cannot afford to reduce the animal protein from grain crops. As we...

do in like here in the united states and the other developing developing nations they consume uh stable like a crop usually a cereal or root crop directly for food energy and like depends and uh pull us crop we're gonna learn about the pull us crop and what's the difference between them and supplemental protein which is like puller scrub that means legumes legumes that mean they can that type of plant they will provide protein A mass consumer cereal, poultry, crop, leg combination to get like a proper amino acid balance in the protein. So that's a very important part. Challenges like for the futures and how the agricultural role in like feeding in the world, how is it going to be feeding the world?

so productivity which is acceptance like of gmo from not gmo that's like even in animals or like a crop by itself some people they refuse like completely to gmo right now there is a label about gmo how is that going to be affecting why they are like afraid from the most products right now in the market the you will see no gmo no gmo um because gmo can be a problem for the environment but um the like i have a bit we have a big argument about that as we're going to take like another um like a discussion board about like a gmo in the future um but that's a big issue some people they accept it some of it not um but if you're talking about like poor people in like in like in poor countries they don't care about like in jima they want to like have enough food for themselves like for their kids for their family there's a lot of people they die from hunger because of that so um it's a it's a big issue but i'm not supporting gmo at the same time i cannot like say no don't feed the world a utilization the crop of food various fuel or sometimes they produce a lot of areas especially in united states as you can see there is a lot of corn a few things like corn they reduce those like to produce like a fuel so those are like having different type of variety they look at more how they do produce methane compared to uh the other type of variety they change a lot of things but it's still that's a big area a big problem environment like it changed the climate climate change as you can see in the whole world there is a lot of challenge like to keep the climate uh or to like um uh like Be able to do an agricultural due to the drought happening around the world or like a specific area. For example, in Kansas here, a few years, like two years ago or maybe years ago, they have almost a drought. This year, the harvesting will be like it's chaos.

There is not a lot of rains. That's because of the change in climate. Most of the people, they understand there is a change in the climate, but most of, like there is a few people, they said, no, this is not the case, but it's still, we can see disasters around the world.

Like in Kenya, for example, a few years right now, they have like a hunger, they have like a big... pig issue a lot of people there is a lot of animals there is no crops there is no food enough like for the people in that area health enhance the crop rotational quality which is pharmaceutical crop also the gm acceptance those are like a few cases maybe we can discuss some of it in the future Biosecurity, which is catastrophic diseases of plant and animal and reduced like accidentally or via tourism like a national bio and agro defense facility, which is called NBAF. So I believe so we finish all our classes today.

It's not that long, but. uh we still uh like we finish our first lecture this is the second part um if you have any questions please um go to the board discussions or i can you can send me an email saying like uh what do you mean by that and what is that does it like a few things if you have any kind of questions i'm open to answer I want to know it's like there will be an assignment. So you find an assignment online and you can start working on your assignment.

My recommendation, do not like wait until the mid, like a few days to the due date and do that before and submit that before. If you couldn't like, if you face any problem. Please.

contact me and we can solve this problem. Finally, we have the source of the ag statistic data that we took. It's a little bit old, need to be updated.

But I like those data because they shown exactly how much we talking about, which is like the population expectation and food production around the world, which is very important. Thank you. Have a great day and see you next lecture.

Transcript for:Essentials of Crop Science and Agriculture

Transcript for:
Essentials of Crop Science and Agriculture