Troubleshooting Laptops

Challenges in Laptop Repair

• Laptops are unique computing environments with specific form factors.
• Repair can be challenging due to compact design.
• Familiarity with a specific brand can ease repair process.
• Manufacturers often provide service information for components replacement.

Power and Batteries

• Laptops are mobile; require power sources while traveling.
• Batteries can be modular (easily replaced) or internal (non-modular).
• Common battery types: Lithium-ion or lithium-ion polymer.
  • Designed to avoid memory effect.
  • Capacity diminishes over time with charge cycles.
• Batteries are specific to laptop make and model.

Example of Modular Battery

• Back of laptop may have modular batteries that slide and lock into place.
• Can be easily replaced when traveling.

Laptop Keyboard

• Primary input device, easy to replace.
• Connected via ribbon cable to motherboard.
• External keyboards can be used via USB if built-in keyboard fails.

Keyboard Layout Challenges

• Smaller laptops may lack space for full keyboard layout.
• Extra function keys and altered key layouts common.

Maintenance

• Keycaps are fragile; caution needed when replacing.
• Follow manufacturer instructions to avoid damage.

Laptop Memory

• Programs execute in memory; often uses SO-DIMM modules.
• Some laptops do not allow memory upgrades (soldered to motherboard).

SO-DIMM Installation

• Insert into memory slot, push down to lock.

Laptop Storage

• Older laptops use magnetic disk (hard drives).
• Newer laptops use SSDs (Solid State Drives).
  • SSDs provide faster read/write speeds.
  • Form factors: SATA, M.2 (smaller, no cables).

Storage Replacement

• Internal or accessible via back cover.
• SSD upgrades improve performance significantly.

Cloning and Imaging

• Cloning moves entire content including OS and data to new drive.
• Software needed for imaging; available from manufacturers or third parties.

Wireless Connectivity

• Modern laptops have integrated wireless (802.11, Bluetooth).
• Older laptops may use mini PCI or PCI Express interfaces.

Modular Wireless Cards

• User-replaceable; can add wireless or Bluetooth capabilities.

Authentication

• Advanced options available in newer OS (e.g., biometrics).
• Biometrics: facial recognition, fingerprint sensors.

Authentication Methods

• Windows Hello Face, Windows Hello Fingerprint.
• Multi-factor authentication enhances security.

Near Field Communication (NFC)

• Used for authentication without physical contact.
• Useful in environments like hospitals or warehouses.