Lecture Notes: Understanding "Kashmir" by Led Zeppelin

Overview

• "Kashmir" from the album Physical Graffiti (1975) is characterized by its heavy, powerful, and driving sound.
• As a musician, the song is appreciated for its complex musical elements.

Tuning and Sections

Tuning

• The song is played in Dad Gad tuning:
  • Strings:
    • D, A, D: Low E string tuned down to D
    • G: remains G
    • B string tuned down to A
    • High E string tuned down to D
• Historical Context:
  • Modal tuning, often described as Celtic.

Song Structure

• Four main sections to learn:

  1. Main Lick:
     • Involves playing mainly two strings.
     • Unique rhythm: Lick in 6/8, drums in 4/4 creates a circulating feel.
     • Key Technique:
       • Hold D note on A5.
       • Use the G string to progress through notes.
       • Mute D string with the little finger's fleshy part.

• Strumming Pattern:

  • Strumming is crucial for a clean sound.
  • Pattern: Down-up-down (rest), then down-up-down low E (rest).
  • Avoid consistent low E hits to maintain clarity.

Licks and Transitions

• Second Lick:
  • Notes: 12, 11, 12, 14, 12, 11, 12, 9 on the G string; octave at G11.
  • Involves doubling up guitar parts when playing live.
• Third Section:
  • Simple fingering, but sonically rich.
  • Progression: G12 and E12, then 10th, 7th, 5th, 3rd, F, E, D.
  • Maintain open B string.

Bridge and Final Sections

• Bridge:

  • A power chord progression: A, D, G with added D4.
  • Slide technique included.

• Final Section:

  • G chord: E5, open G, B5, E5, mute A string.
  • Transition to: open A, D2, mute G, open B, E1.

Musical Significance

• Despite its complexity, the song becomes manageable with correct tuning and fingering.
• The interplay between 6/8 and 4/4 rhythms is notable and a hallmark of Led Zeppelin's creativity.
• Conclusion: "Kashmir" is an epic song, showcasing great writing and innovation, a favorite among listeners and musicians alike.