good afternoon everyone my name is Marc Dirk's and on behalf of ACRL in choice I'd like to to today's program creating references using 7th edition APA style which is upon surd by the American Psychological Association today's discussion is one in a series of sponsored webinars from ACRL n choice that addresses new ideas developments and products of interest to the academic library community these are free to users and they're structured 60-minute live presentations that that allow for interactive discussions of important new issues and developments in academic librarianship by the librarians authors vendors and other interest stakeholders all right got through that before we get started I'd like to point out a few features of the webinar software in the main area of the screen you can follow along with the presentation materials along the right-hand side you should see a Q&A panel and maybe a chat panel if you don't see that chat panel you can click the little button with a dialogue cloud at the bottom of your screen to open that up and please take some time if you have questions to drop them in the Q&A will take a little bit of time ourselves at the end to make sure to answer any questions that you may have we'll do as many as we have time for there are a lot of you folks out there today so please know we won't have time to get to everyone's questions but we will try to get to at least some all right and if you're having any trouble technical or otherwise and you want to reach me you can use the chat box to do that and we will troubleshoot that offline today we're using the hashtag ACRL choice webinars during the event so if you get another screen handy shout out to us we're at choice underscore reviews on Twitter all right our speakers today are hailey s Kaman Chelsea L Lee and Timothy L McAdoo from the American Psychological Association so without any further ado I will hand it over to Chelsea to start over to Tim rather to start things off okay thank you thank you mark thank you everyone for coming we're so happy you're here I'm going to jump right in we have a lot to cover and to that end here are the learning objectives for today first we'll cover some of the fundamentals of creating APA style references reference lists and in-text citations that's items one two and three and then starting with item four gets really interesting we're going to share some APA style secrets that we want you to know we want everyone to know then we'll talk about do is and URLs and how to decide when to include them in a reference and we'll also talk about when to include a retrieval date and a spoiler alert is not very often but we'll get to that then we'll be looking at how to create a reference when the work that you are trying to cite is missing key information number seven is we'll be discussing how to create a reference to a work found in an academic database we know you have lots of questions about that and then we'll be practicing those these will be some interactive slides where you can help us put together a reference okay so first let's see what what is it that makes up a reference you'll be hearing us talk a lot about the elements of a reference in this presentation those are the four pieces than a reference that answer the questions who win what and where that's author date title and source and in this presentation to answer those four questions will be showing journal articles books reports and web pages but the basic principles covered literally anything monocyte so author date title and source you can see those elements in any of the templates that are available in chapter 10 of the publication manual and the examples in that chapter are grouped by category so periodicals and then books and reports and so on and each category begins with a template that looks like the one you can see here so for this example if you're looking at a journal article and you have the template in front of you you can you can select an option from each columns put together your reference let's see so the template each column shows the possibilities for the details that can be in the reference and it also shows the formatting of those details and we'll look at this each of these elements in more detail with just a few slides here is a typical journal article and you can see the four pieces the four elements of the reference we've circled them in boxes there and then you can see how that translates to the reference at the bottom and with just a little bit of formatting change so starting with the author element as you can see in the first bullet we use the term author to mean whoever is responsible for the work so that's an individual it can be a group it might be a an editor of film directors its whoever is responsible for the work whether they whether it's written or not so when a work is written by a an individual you can see the first couple examples there one person or two people when it's a group you've got the group name and when it's a government agency it gets it can look a little complicated and we have a tip for you here we recommend that you include the most most specific agency so in that examples the National Institutes of mental health and that is one of 27 agencies that make up the National Institute of Health which in turn is a sub department of the US Department of Health and Human Services so the report or the webpage that you're looking at may look complicated but you can simplify the author element by using just the specific agency and the rest of that information is not lost it just shows up later in the reference as we'll see later in this presentation that's all so this has the effect of making your in-text citation easier as well because as we'll see the citations are one-to-one correspondence with the author and date element of reference so a change you may have heard about in a seventh edition is that you can now include up to 20 authors in the reference so if the work has one or two or up to 19 authors you can put them in the reference I have up to up to 20 off that you can put them as a reference when you get past 20 authors what you do is include the first 19 and ellipsis and then the name of the last author and the goal caret was twofold first it gives credit to more people we can get more author names in the reference without making it so long we obviously couldn't you can't include everyone if it's 100 authors but it gives credit to many more authors and then secondly it for the for you the person writing the reference it makes the guideline easier you don't run into the threshold as frequently and when you do it's in example four in chapter 10 or it's on our website so you can look up the formatting details all right so one more quick thing about auto types again they can be individuals they can be groups for articles journal articles books usually individuals but sometimes it's a task force it can be a group out there typically it's an individual or many individuals for a webpage it's the reverse they're often group authors usually group authors so sometimes you can't have individual authors so you have to look at what you've actually got we always say cite what you see and then for reports again it's like what you see so it can be a little trickier but we tell people to look for whether there are individual people credited on the cover page sometimes it's the second page sometimes it's the last page if they're clearly credited as the authors use those individual names as the author otherwise it's the group of agency okay so that brings us to the tapes element the second element in a reference usually just the year for many publications it's just the year it can be more specific it can be a year in a month it can be a year in a specific date generally works published more frequently have more specific dates in the reference and if you're in doubt here's what to do look at what type of document you're creating look at the actual document you're you're reading and you want to cite and then take a look in the templates find that type of document and see what the templates show is possibilities or look at the examples you might find the exact case in the examples and later in this presentation we'll talk about what to do when there's no date and also look at the variety of data options that you'll see on a webpage and we'll go into that in more detail for titles titles you're going to see them on the title page your cover page sometimes in a database record depending on what you've got you just write the title in the reference in sentence case which means capitalizing the first word any proper nouns and the first word of a subtitle and some titles are italicized and some are not and we know that there are lots of questions are on that and we definitely cover that in more detail later in this presentation something else that you'll put a you can put in the title element of the reference is a bracketed description so these are used in some references to help the reader understand the type of document you're looking at references are so consistent that these bracketed descriptions help you show live attacking typist so usually that's for works that are outside of the peer-reviewed academic literature or works that are not text-based and again you can see lots of examples in the in Chapter ten in this slide you can see the the example is a video the title is a day in the life nursing at Michigan and then the bracketed description is video so it's probably a YouTube video if you're creating a reference to the type of work that you don't see an example for you can add your own bracketed description I use use a short phrase capitalize the first letter just be consistent if you have more than one in your reference list okay and so the fourth element of a reference an apa-style reference is the source and this again depends on the document type so when look at your document type and periodical you're going to have the periodical title and volume and associated information if it's a book or website you'll have the publisher of the website name and then many many references include in either a DOI or URL and again we'll go into the we'll go into the details about the DUI and URL later in this presentation lots of questions about how to decide which to include and we hope to cover that um in this table if you look at the government reports the source section of the government report that's where the parent agencies are for that ni mah example from earlier in the presentation okay so to recap there are four parts of an APA doll reference author date title and source you can just put them together in that order to create the reference in place a period between each elements of between after the author elements the date element and the title element and after the periodical or publisher or website name in the source element don't add a period after the DOI or the URL because that might interfere with the linking and references in APA style are you do use a hanging indent as you can see on this slide so once you have yet one reference you're going to have a whole list of references on that list should start on a new page with a word references in bold centered at the top double-spaced the entire list the both entries themselves and around the interests of double-spaced entire list alphabetize the entries and then if there are multiple works by the same author or authors then they are arranged in chronological order and you can see that here American Psychological Association is a group author name that's an a it starts at the beginning you've got the next one and then the third and fourth are the same author so those are chronological there's a lot more detail about how to order your references if you get into more complicated things and that's all in Chapter 9 so we have a reference and we have a reference list and so now that brings us to how to cite these references in the text so as you can see you should cite every reference every reference and vice versa so exceptions to that are personal communications which are covered in Section eight point nine and so we recommend creating the reference first because you can see in this example the reference guides how to create the citation so the citation uses the surname or surnames that are in the author element and it uses the year that's in the date in sexpectations can parenthetical or narrative and examples are here this shows how to format one author to author three authors or more or group authors and as you can see there's something else new in the seventh edition you can abbreviate to at all four references that have three or more authors even the first time you cite you can start with it all would use that consistently throughout your paper also shown here in the group author with abbreviation this shows you how you can include define and abbreviation the first time you have a group author when you cite and then from that point on if you cite multiple times you can use that abbreviation but still in the reference itself spell out the entire spell out the name in full okay so and here we have a sort of a summary of how we recommend citing so first you want to read the work that you want to fight you identify the area the idea that you want to put in your paper write a sentence about that and that might be paraphrasing the idea it could be quoting directly and then so steps four and five here the key so if you create the reference first that will guide you on how to make the insect in-text citation which is again the author name or names and the year Daytona and then six repeat okay so that was a quick run through the sort of the fundamentals of APA style references and citations and I think this is onto Chelsey ated to share some secrets hello everyone so today I am going to share with you seven style secrets the APA style experts want you to know including this cat cat also wanted our first secret is about document type the number one question us AP ASL experts receive is definitely how do I cite an online document but it's really a trick question because any kind of work can be online and reference formats for APA style or based on document type so you already heard Tim talk about a bunch of different document types and just to react the size for that we emphasize for that you hear some examples of those are journal articles magazine and newspaper articles books e-books reports film YouTube videos webpages social media so what you need to do is to identify the document type of the work that you're looking at and then find the reference example that you need the second thing I want to talk about is retrieval method it's important not to confuse document types with retrieval method so some examples of retrieval method are on the Internet at the library from an academic research database from interlibrary loan you borrowed a book from a friend retrieval method usually doesn't matter for references instead as we said if previously you want to focus on the document so just because you got it online doesn't matter very much for the rest piggybacking off of that we have secret three about web pages and websites for APA style when we use the word web page we mean a document type not a retrieval method and we have a new category and a seventh edition manual called web pages and websites and that category is a category of last resort so you should use it only if no other category fits better for the work that you want to cite so if you're looking at a report on a website you should use the report temp if you're looking at an e-book online or in a database you should use the book template if you're looking at an article on a database or on a website somewhere you should use the article temp so only in the case where you're on a web page and nothing else seems to fit then the web page and websites category is the one that you want secret number four I want to talk about online and print works the same templates in chapter 10 are used for both online and print works and in fact online and print references are often identical one difference might be whether the reference has a URL or not but by and large they're the same a change in the seventh edition has to do with Howie books are cited our reference is no longer employee book version so like if you use the Kindle version of the book you don't put that in the reference anymore and an additional piece is that ever work has a DOI it should include the DOI even if you used approve even if you used a print version so the example on the screen of a reference refers to both the print book and the e-book and the point of this is that the reader who's looking at the reference would be able to get the book in whatever format they want there are exceptions for if your book if your version has something special about it like if it's an abridged audio book you can note that in brackets after the title but if it's um just the standard version then you don't need to make anything special secret five to reiterate something that Simpson diz site what you see this is a core principle of APA style you can use the information you see on the work in its reference list entry then you just have to make a few adjustments to make the reference one of the main adjustments is to abbreviate author names so you'll use the surname and then take the full first name and put initials instead another adjustment you'll make is the capitalization of the title so APA style titles in references use sentence case and Tim touched on that earlier and you can see as well in the example here on this screen that the cover of the book has the title in all capital letters and so that's something that we've we've adjusted Emily if you're missing some information you just leave it out for example if you're on an online newspaper article and it doesn't have page numbers then you don't need to put no pages you just skip that but when you're in doubt you can include more information rather than less and later in this presentation Haley is going to get into more how did you listen miss me secret six has to do with the format patterns that are used in the seventh edition reference system so one of the updates that we made was to streamline the reference system so that every reference followed one of two formats the two former patterns are either italic title or italic source stand-alone works things like books reports dissertations and theses film TV series social media web pages all of these works standalone and they use the italic title format a part of a greater whole things like journal articles which are part of a journal or magazine or newspaper articles which are part of a magazine or newspaper or an edited book chapters it's part of an edited book these are all works that are part of a greater whole and they all use the italics source path so what you need to do is to determine the document type to know the format pattern and the best part is that because many document types share a pattern if you know the pattern you're going to get the reference right even if you're not sure of the specific document so if you think if you're deciding between report and webpage they use the same pattern so it's going to work out additionally most works use the italic title format so we recommend that if you really are not sure to use the italics there are two examples with the format patterns in the first example we have a book that has an italic title and the italic part is highlighted in yellow for the italic source the example is a journal article and the title of the journal and the volume number are both italics so highlighted in yellow so I want to talk specifically about webpages something new for the sub position is that we assigned web pages to the italic title format pattern previously on the six edition sometimes the title of a web page was not italic and sometimes it was depending on your assessment of whether the work was part of a greater whole or stood alone and that was something that caused a lot of confusion and we knew that a standard format for web pages was going to make everybody's life easier the reason that we picked italic format for web pages is that we found that most of the time when people were confused about what template to use they were confusing web pages with reports and ebooks the thing about web pages now is that we have a standard format to make your life easier and you know that if you're using the web page category that means that you are going to know what pattern to follow and because the three types that I had mentioned as web pages reports and ebooks all follow the same pattern the reference is correct even if you are not sure about the document type because the ones you're guessing between all uses things one pair that is a bit confusing is citing the news okay so one pair that I want to continue talking about them you how to cite the news one pair that is a bit confusing has to do with citing the news and the reason that you have this confusing pair is because there are two format patterns and so there's a line it has to be somewhere and the place that it is is Scott to do with the new what happens is that newspaper and magazine articles periodicals those use italics or where as stories on news websites like CNN or web pages and those use the italic type so what you should do is use a periodical format if you see the word newspaper or a magazine on an about Us page or if there's a print issue that can be delivered to your house that means the periodical format with the italics or and otherwise if you're on the CNN website or BBC news or HuffPost that's the italic title format and we have plenty of examples and further explanation in Chapter nine of the publication manual and examples in Chapter ten the last secret that I want to talk about is about adapting APA style so the APA style manual is written to serve everyone is written to serve students and professionals whether you are at the beginning of your career or you just started college and you know that some audiences need special approaches and so we definitely recommend that professors and institutions and publishers adapt APA style to fit their needs and just two examples of this that people commonly ask us about are one of them is about database information which I'm going to talk about more later APA includes it only sometime if you include the database information only sometime but if you want to include it all the time you can another adaptation has to do with links so typically the links in an APA style paper would be like the actual text of the URL because APA works are published in both print and online but if you're doing a work that's only online you can place your links beneath descriptive text if you want so those are just two examples of differences that you can make to add a key style so I'm going to hand it over now to Haley who's going to talk about geo eyes URLs and retrieval date hi all thanks again for being with us today so as Chelsea mentioned in the snacks of the slides I'll be discussing UI's URLs and retrieval dates and this is an area where the seventh edition provides updated guidance and clearer directions on when to include this electronic locator information in your references and so when president wy or URL is going to be the final component of your reference list entry and because many works are now available and retrieved online most reference list entries will end with either the UI or URL so when creating a reference entry for a work always look to see whether it has a DOI or digital object identifier which is a unique alphanumeric string assigned by the publisher it identifies the work provides a persistent link to its location on the internet and the key piece of guidance when it comes to do is is this if the work has a DOI include as the final piece of your reference entry this applies to all works that have a GUI both online and in print so if you see a DUI always included and if you include a DOI do not also include a URL a reference entry will not include both a DUI and a URL and the DOI takes precedence as the one to including your reference so if you see both only include the DUI most your articles will have a DUI as well as some other types of works like books or book chapters that the UI may be shown on the title page of an article or chapter on the copyright page of a book or in a database record that's where you got your work from if you're not sure whether the work you're using has a DUI or you just need to add it to your reference later don't feel like going back that original work that you used you can search for the DUI on cross draft org crossref offers a DUI search function where you can simply cut and paste your reference into a search box and search for its DUI you APA style follows the current recommendation for DUI format set by the International DUI foundation which is a hyperlink format shown here in that green and yellow highlighting and that the UI will always start with HTTPS in the GUI or piece highlighted in green and end with the unique DUI number beginning with one zero note that in the seventh edition the labeled DUI by itself is no longer used and we use the DUI for uses new DOI format because provides a direct link to the work thereby simplifying and sterilizing retrieval for all users preferred formats have changed over time so it's possible that the work you're using chose a GOI in a different format for instance you might see the letters D Y and a colon as shown here or you might see a hyperlink starting with HTTP and then DX DUI is also shown on the screen if so if you see the hyperlink written these different ways you don't need to change the DUI to match the preferred format for all entries in your reference list which involves editing the beginning of the DUI to match the green highlight part in the example is then up to you whether to make the UI hyperlink blue and underlined which is the default setting of many word processing programs or black with no underline although the blue live hyperlink is a preferred format for works intended to be right online and whatever link style you choose and make sure to apply consistently across all entries in your reference list so references for works with UI is like most shona articles include the DUI at the end of the source element the references for most online works with Alva do I include the works URL or Uniform Resource locator at the end of its reference list entry so a reference to the inclusion of a URL depends on the following the work was found online the work does not have a UI the link for the URL will work for readers you're usually going to know whether you found the work online and whether you see a DUI for that work to know if the URL will work for readers ask yourself whether someone outside of your institution would be able to access and read that work if not say because they need a subscription to log into the database where the work is found and do not include a URL because that URL is not going to work for readers and the purpose of a reference is provide a way for readers to retrieve the work you use therefore it is not helpful to provide a URL that those reading it cannot access once they go there for this reason database URLs are not usually included in references if it sounds kind of complicated don't worry Chelsea will talk you through how to handle references for work from academic research databases later in this presentation so when including a URL and your reference copy and paste it directly from the address bar of during a browser into your reference outreach to make sure is entered correctly again you can choose to make the hyperlink blue and underlined or black with no underline and it's mentioned earlier to not add line breaks manually to the hyperlink we're at a period after a URL or if you eye which may interfere with link functionality and of course make sure your ELLs work before and continue to work by checking all URLs in the reference list before submitting your paper URL you use in your paper should link directly to the cited work whenever possible because the hyperlink will be routed directly to the content you never need to include the words accessed from before a URL and do not write the words you're free from before a URL except in the select cases of work that require with free will date which I'll be discussing next so in the seventh edition there are now only select number of cases in which reference entries need to include a retrieval date in the source element these are cases when the work is designed to change over time as information changes or new information is added and when the page you are looking at is not archived note that one is stable or i-car version of the work you're citing is available you can include the URL to that in your reference entry and not a retrieval date however both these conditions really apply so the majority references do not need retrieval dates the types of references that might are note in the applicable reference examples in chapter 10 and these are often things like wiki's open educational resources if you not have an archival ink or permalink web pages that are frequently updated and the versions are not archived like online dictionary entries in social media profiles databases that are still in collection intended to change over time including which provable date when citing an dun archived or not stable works as likely or meant to change indicates to your reader that the version of the work they retrieve may be different from the version that you used just why we included in these specific cases and then you do need to include a retrieval date use the format described here and highlight in the example in yellow which is the word retrieved the month day and year and then from and the URL of the work at the end of the reference entry so now that you know how to handle all the elements of a reference entry the next set of slides will talk about what to do when information for reference elements is missing from a work shown here is Table nine one from section nine for the publication manual and it breaks down how to assemble the elements of a reference entry and what adjustments need to be made when one or more reference element is missing for instance the third row starting with author describes what to do when the information used for the author elements of a reference entry is not available this is done for all combinations and missing reference elements in all cases templates are provided on the right at the side of your slide they show how to create a reference list entry and in-text citation you can follow just plug the information from the work you were using to create your own reference attack citation I will note that because these are general templates meant to be applied in all cases and because italic formatting of the title versus source element varies by the specific reference category italics are not shown in this table here in the book you want to go to chapter 10 of the publication manual for the template of the specific reference category of the work you're using to determine whether to italicize the title or source element as applicable in this presentation also won't talk about what to do in all the instances shown in this table but again you can always look back at this recorded presentation or at the publication manual for that info and now I will go through how to handle references missing one of the four main elements an author date title or source so starting with offer author for some works the author for some works like journal articles and books you don't usually have to worry about having no author because the individual authors or authors are obvious and listen clearly on the cover or title page for other works especially online works the author may be harder to identify and you may be ready to say there is no author but not so fast do not assume that just because you do not see individual needs listed on the work that there is no author often the author is actually the organization that author the report or web page or other work this might be a nursing association government agency nonprofit working group professional organization hospital or some other institution organization so before treating a work as having a lot there consider whether a group organization on the report web page or other work is the author and if so use that group as the author you might also look at about us author or similarly label page for the non the website for the individuals or group listed there note that is a group that wrote a creative the work is also the publisher of it only include the group name in the author position and do not include that same group in the source element as well so if you've done your due diligence and you can identify or there is no author then do not include an author in your reference Wikipedia entries and religious works or examples are usually treated as having no author for more example and had to create their reference entries you can see chapter 10 of the publication manual and when this is the case move the title the work to the author position at the start of the reference before the date followed by period so that that title is also what appears in the corresponding in-text citation for that work as well then in the in the reference list alphabetize the entry by the first word of the title you can boring prepositions like a and or the so sometimes it's the date publication date of a work that is unknown or cannot be determined common works that are without dates our online dictionary entries some web pages and social media profiles so for works with no date you will write the letters and B which stands for no date in parentheses as respect an element of the reference entry put a period after the end and after the D with no space in between those letters again in parentheses and followed by a period and member via the works title and source the state also appears as ND and corresponding in-text citation for that work and in your reference list references with no date will be listed before references with a date to another problem you may run into have to do with web page and website dates and we know that identifying the dates on web pages and web sites can be confusing often because when citing web pages of websites there is a potential of having too many dates so you want to make sure that the copyright date in the footer of the web page you may think that the back-cover date is a day to use in your reference you actually want to make sure that the copyright date in fact applies to the content that you are citing it isn't just for the whole web page when it was created so instead better dates to use or the date of last publication for the webpage you're on when that's available or if the webpage you're on indicates of date of last update you can use that in your reference well you should not use is a copyright date for web page footer as I mentioned because this date may not indicate when the content on that page was published and also don't use a date of last review because just because the content was reviewed does that mean that anything was actually changed so if there is no separate date of publication indicated for the webpage you are using treat the work is having no date and right ng as the date as described on the previous slide so next we move on to what to know title some more work file the clear title if a title does seem hard to find you can start by looking at the text shown on the cover of a book the first page of an article or report or the heading of a webpage visual cues like a larger font or bolding or often indicators of what is meant to be the works title in retrieving work from a database or from another papers reference list you may also look at how it is label there sometimes you might not be quite sure if you've identified the official date on a work and especially a website but usually your best guess of what constitute the title is right it's also going to be what your reader see when they access that same work and this applies to things like subtitles as well you may not be sure if something was intended to be a subtitle if you feel confident it's important to identifying the work included as a subtitle on your reference basically as long as you provide the information that your readers need to retrieve the work your use and your readers can feel confident that they are looking at the same work you use your title will be cracked for work that are in fact without a title such as things like say a dataset or photographs include a description of the work in square brackets is the second element of your reference entry after the date as shown here in the highlighted part of the example when possible specify the medium as part of the description to avoid having to bracket descriptions back-to-back for both the title and the type of work for instance in this example in yellow the description includes both the type of work a photograph series and description of what is showing the famine in Yemen more examples of works with different variations of titles and missing titles are described in chapter 9 and shown in chapter 10 of the publication manual so finally we've gone to no source the last element of a reference so when creating a source element of a reference it's important to remember that the point of a reference is provide a pathway for readers to follow to access the work to use in writing your paper readers cannot retrieve a work the source is no longer available in correspondingly a reference without a recoverable source should not be include in your reference list because the readers cannot retrieve that work this applies to online works that are no longer accessible because the URL is broken that is why before submitting a paper you should test the URLs in your reference list to ensure that they work and take you to the expected place and update them if not do not include broken URLs in your paper instead if the content you cited is no longer available online search for an archived version of the page on internet archive and use the archive URL if no archived version is available find a new work on the topic to cite instead and then replace that non recoverable reference with one that is recoverable works without a source because they were never recoverable or things like emails phone calls classroom lectures internet sources and those should be cited a texture paper only as personal communications and not included in the reference list personalistic communications are discussed in detail in section 8 and I haven't publication manual for anyone looking for more information so that takes us through the missing parts of a reference element or a reference entry so now turn the presentation over to Chelsea to tell you about how to create reference list entries for content access for academic research database hello again so I'm going to talk about works that came from an academic research database most important thing is not to so when we say academic research databases there's so many out there and your school has subscriptions to different ones but some really common popular ones are 18 a second so let's go host Ovid ProQuest Scopus Google Scholar PubMed Eric MEDLINE there's a lot and your library most likely provides tons of information about which databases your school has subscriptions to and which ones specialize in different topics the important thing for APA style is to know that database information appears in APA style references depending on two things first it depends on whether the work has a DOI and then it depends on the works level of circulation how easy it is to get when a work has GOI with the DOI in the reference list entry and you don't need database information when the work doesn't have a deal y-you have to ask if it's a wide or limited circulation when it's a wide circulation you don't need database information and you might have a URL depending on if the URL actually had discussed and if it's a limited circulation meaning it's hard to get you need to go to this exact database to get it you do put database information in the reference and then maybe a URL at the URL now I'm going to take you through these cases and more details with some examples so first talking about works of duis from academic research databases if you have a do I put it in your reference and do not add database information so the example on the screen I got it from APA psycinfo but APA psycinfo does not appear in the reference because this work has a DOI looking now at the case of work without a DOI but it's a wide circulation you do not need to include database information in the reference so some examples of widely available works are turn articles which usually have duis magazine and newspaper articles books e-books and edited book chapters so at the bottom of the screen you'll see an example citation for an e-book the e-book is available from the Ovid database and it does not have a DOI but even though you've got it from Ovid Ovid does not appear in the reference because the work book is widely available so once you know the list of the kinds of works that are widely available you'll know whether or not necessary to include you next I want to look at works that don't have a DOI and our limited circulation so this is the case where you do include database information in the reference examples of databases that contain works of limited circulation are ProQuest dissertations and theses global Eric up to date the conquering Database of systematic review of and digital course packets from a publishers proprietary platform like revel connect so the idea here is that the reader has to go to that database to get that work so you're giving them the information you should also include a URL for the work if the URL is going to work for viewers if it's not going to work because this session is just a fake or it requires you to log in before it resolves just end the reference after the database me so here is the first of three example of database information and references this one is a dissertation from the ProQuest dissertations in theses global database dissertation is a work that stands alone so it has an italic title and then you include the database name not in italics because you are used to telex on the title and this database you have to login for the first for a URL to work so you just end after the database name so if I was reading paper I saw this reference I would go through my school and go to their access point for ProQuest dissertations and theses global and that's how I would be able to get my hands on this dissertation another common database that appears in references is Eric contains a mix of works so some of the works in there are widely available and those are things like journal articles and other things our limited circulation soldier things like direct manuscripts reports and monographs so if you see something that's a Journal article then you don't mention Eric at all but if it's one of these other limited circulation cases then you do mention the database which is Eric here are the works that are of limited circulation again use the italic title format and after you provide a title provide the database name with on italics and then for this database the URL will work so you can include it in your reference the third case I want to talk about is the up-to-date database this is a special case and it works in a weird way and so we'll just explain how it works so you know what to do so up-to-date if you're not familiar with it is a database that contains articles only in that database that's the only place you can get them from and the whole database is only those articles and so for that reason in the seventh edition we treat that database like it's a like it's a Tirion so what you do is you put authors of the work the euro flashed update which is one of the pieces information always given the title of the article database name and italics as though it's a journal and then this one needs a retrieval date because the articles are updated that's the name up to date and they're not archived so you can only ever see the current version then we'll have a URL because it will work for beers so even though you have to log in to see the whole article the URL still gets you there and then it will prompt you verses you put the URL in and it's just gibberish in the teaching nowhere so this URL will get you there and so that's why you so you may wonder why no database information and the reason here is that APA sells to serve everyone people have access to different databases content can change works are available in many places and this makes database information meaningful to readers so when you see a database name and a reference that means you have to use it and if you don't see it you can use any database you have access to so this brings us to the conclusion of our presentation before we do our QA wherein we want you attendees to play along at home with us and create APA style references so we're going to look at three cases together okay so we're going to look at is an open textbook so this is a screenshot of an open textbook on their open textbook website and I've drawn colored boxes around the four elements of authors the date the title of the work which here is American government and the source let's look at some questions question and you'll see a poll question in your screen that you can answer is what reference format should you use for an open textbook a webpage e online document C book or D I'm not sure all right so correct answer is C book open textbooks are cited like books so they use the italic format pattern and lots of works that you might not think are books are actually books so for example reference works like dictionaries cite books as our diagnostic manual so I see from our results here that most of you got the right answer a book so I'm glad to hear that our second question is who is the publisher of the work is our eight openstax be Google see there is no publisher or D I am Not sure again your whole options on your screen will allow you to submit what answer you think right the poll has ended and we find out that the answer is a openstax so openstax publishes this open textbook open science is also the name of the website and so this is another example where if you thought it was it it if you thought it was a webpage you'd still get the right answer and I see that majority of you got that right that's awesome question three what date information should appear in the reference you have the year of last update the original publication year see the retrieval date D both a and C both B and C or F I'm not sure you all right so correct answer is d you should include both the year of last update and this open textbook has versions that are designed to change it's open so you can go in and edit it and they're not archived which you would find out if you here's the final reference for the open textbook contains the author date title publisher retrieval date and URL and it's to in-text citations look at the second case here's a YouTube video our first question is what reference format should you use to cite this YouTube video a web page B social media C youtube video or D I'm not sure you the correct answer here is the YouTube video there's a specific format for YouTube videos and other shooting videos that's been an example 90 of the publication manual let's get to our next question here one who is the author of this work our choices are a YouTube be feminist frequency see there is no author or D I am Not sure and the pull option there disappeared on screen you the answer in this case is e feminist frequency you want to use the name of the channel that uploaded the video as the author and the examples show this and I see that majority of you got that right buzzer so here is our third question and what's going to be our final question so that we can make sure to get two questions from you all which is this work is outside the peer reviewed academic literature so what information does it need a description of form like video asterisk nothing special or D I'm not sure you may remember back to the very beginning when you the correct answer in this case it's a a description of form video you're describing the work as a video in square brackets that indicates that it's outside the peer academic if you reviewed academic literature and also that it's not text it's a video that you so I am going to show you final reference which is here you have the author the full name the title in italics the description the website name which is YouTube and the URL as well as the accompanying so this brings us to the end of our formal presentation and what we are going to do now is present a couple of poll questions to you our audience about what you thought of the presentation and the references and definition style and we also will have an opportunity to answer some questions that you all have posed to us in the chat in the queue and so I will put up on screen while you're thinking of any questions that you might have our contact information so some we have a brand new revamped APA style website that includes all the Octavia information about seventh edition tons of resources about citations and references as well as other areas of style such as punctuation and capitalization and other mechanics and format as well as sample if you enjoyed this webinar you will be able to watch it again it has been recorded will be available on the acrl choice youtube channel and it's going to be linked to from our website on our instructional aids page and if you have questions that you think of later we have an email address for that at style expert a TV org as well as social media on Facebook Twitter and Instagram so that let's see Haley have some questions that came hi also I know that we're out of time but we'll just post a couple questions to Tim and Chelsey to answer some of the things that came up during the presentation and again these slides will be recorded and the recording will be viewable on the EPA Stella page as well as ACRL choices YouTube channel so that you can hear all these questions later and view the presentation all at a later time so it's him and Chelsey one question we got with the people had concerns about if you have long URLs you're not supposed to break them what are you supposed to do are the rules for where to break URLs the end of lines what do you have you handle these long URLs in your paper efference list okay I'd be happy to answer that so option one is that you can just let it be long nothing wrong with that paste it in your paper and leave it and if the computer processing it's a word processing program makes it beyond two or three lines that's fine option two is that you can use a URL shortener if you want like you see the one fitly and make a short URL that is primarily preferable if you're doing something that's more of like it's not meant to stay around forever like if you're writing a student paper then it's fine to use URL shortener as well if you are citing a work that has a deal why this long the DI foundation actually offers an official COI shortener that you can use and you pop in the long version of the DOI and it gives you the short version and you can use that in your reference as well great Thank You Chelsea and then I have another question that Tim you might be able to answer about ordering entries in a reference list and so that's how you order references if you have multiple works that share some of the same authors so say you have two works and the first two authors are the same and then that second work has an additional third author how would you decide how to order them I think yes you go the third letter by letter alphabetically so the the the work that had the two authors would perceive the work that at the three you would just basically keep going through the names until you got the one that differed right and and the principle there is that nothing perceived something absolutely and what if they would you to works with all identical authors in a reference list so in the in the list if they had all the same authors the different dates to be chronological if they had all the same authors and the same dates you can add a and B sorting them ordering them by alphabetizing the title the next element in the reference list but you'd a days and these two the dates in both the reference and in the end text citation and I can say that because I know the Lord did think about that abstractly but it is on our website excellent thank you and then I got a couple questions about you eyes for print works and so Chelsea maybe you can tell us what do you do if you have a print word can you to worry about the DUI what do you do in that case if the print work has a DUI you should put it in your reference you can if you're if you're looking at it on paper in front of you you can retype it and then check it to make sure that it's right another thing that you can do is to go to the rest the website crossdress org and CrossRef sorg has a search box right on the main front page and you just put in the title of the article that you want to cite and it gives you the DOI and then you can just copy instead so it's a super easy and fast way to look up the DOI and that is going to help others be able to retrieve work excellent makes a lot of sense and then another question is if you are creating a reference for a webpage you also have to include the title of the overarching website in the reference entry go ahead - good okay so sometimes the answer is sometimes it depends on who the author is so if the author of the work the author of the webpage is the group like say you're on the say you're on the APA website and the author of the page is American Psychological Association then you would provide the date in the title and now you're to the publisher which is American Psychological Association again and in order to avoid repeating that piece you just skip it in the culture so it's to avoid repetition that you that you omit it in the publisher spot if it's already in the present if it's already in the often spot however if you're on a web patient it has individual authors like say I wrote a webpage you would put my name in the author and then when you got to the website name you would include the website name as part of the reference and so what you should do is you can look at the templates in the web pages and websites category and that shows you where the pieces are and that it also will describe when to omit because if there's going to be repetition great and then we got a couple questions about some of the specific databases Chelsea that you have talked about when you're accessing your works from those two questions was about Eric and you would mentioned that sometimes of widely available versus limited circulation works so do all surface sound and Eric need to include database information or only specific types of work that you access the Eric that's a great question only the ones that are of limited circulation you have to look at the work that you're citing excellent and then someone was curious in that ProQuest I can where did that publication number that you had in parentheses where did that come from the publication number in the ProQuest slide is I will they're talking about here a publication number this is a number assigned by the database it's on the record page it says record number or publication number so it's there on the page when you're in the database and if if you don't see it or it's not there just leave out and then a related question about these databases is that is there any good rule of thumb for knowing whether work is widely available a versus of limited circulation yes there is the best way to know of a work is widely available versus limited circulation is to memorize this list of four bullet points journal articles magazine and newspaper articles books e-books edited book chapters you can remember those bad list of common widely circulated works that's going to cover a lot of what is commonly cited in papers so limited circulation is going to be like dissertations and monographs that makes a lot of sense and then if you are getting something say a journal article via EBSCO would you bother to make your reference link to the specific article or just to the home page from safe of the publisher of that journal or just cite that you got it from EBSCO this is scenario in which the journal article does not have UI let's say yes okay so actually go through both for everyone okay sure okay so you got it from EBSCO and it does have a DOI so that means the DOI on the reference database information if it doesn't have a DUI and you got it from EBSCO to join our article which is on our list I just showed you of widely available so no database information you just end the reference after the pages if if that's the case and so in that case the reference looks the same as if it were a print work and the idea is that people are going to use the databases they have access to to get absolutely so kind of going along that lines that you dress this in secret number seven but just to reiterate so if your reader is a professor so they would have access access to your proxies or logging materials would you in that case would you be able to use the URL directly to those materials if that's what you want sure if it works go for it you're basically saying if you're at the professor you can after that adaptation the APA style to ask your students to provide that URL for it absolutely if you're submitting say bad paper for publication with that same work you probably omit it because they for you're generally wouldn't be able to access that work exactly and then Tim I know you would also touched on this question but just to reiterate for a couple people if you are citing work from a government agency so there's a hierarchy what you include in the author element versus source element of that reference sure so including the author element the most specific agency so you'll see let's say the report shows a bunch of different agencies you it may be hard to tell sometimes you can tell by the way they've formatted the agency names you can see which one is the with hierarchies otherwise maybe you do a little searching online to see what how those are organized either way use one agency as the author the specific agency and then the parent agencies go as at the end of the reference in the source elements as the publisher excellent and then one last question to address something Tim you also touched on if you have an article that's academic but not necessarily peer-reviewed do you need to include a bracketed description in the reference entry for that work um if it's if it's academic but not peer-reviewed it's a judgment call it depends on what the type of reference what the type of document is the idea is if you want your readers to know what it is and they can't tell at a glance at a bracketed description to help the reader excellent alright so there were a couple more specific questions unfortunately we are 10 minutes over so I will repeat that this presentation is recorded and will be available online for anyone wanting to watch we also had a couple people who really liked the six steps of the citations and so that is something that we can actually post on the APA style website is that little graphic for those of you who would like to send it your students there you'll also mention that there's a couple things about references that people asked about that weren't covered in this presentation like real legal references and citing work some indigenous elders so those topics are addressed in the publication manual chapter 11 is all about legal references and we say to look at the blue book if for anything not covered there and then chapter 8.9 discusses some of the in-text citations for things like citing all traditions and I'll turn it back over to mark to wrap us up Thank You Haley and thank you Chelsea and Tim I think we had a really informative and insightful presentation today so thank you so much for that I would just remind folks that are still with us out there you should see in your chat box a link to post webinar survey if you could take a minute and fill that out to let us know how we did it did today we would really appreciate that and also I would note as has been mentioned a couple of times we did record this so be on the lookout for a follow-up email with that recording thanks to everybody out there for joining us today I hope you enjoyed the session and I hope the rest of your day is great bye-bye