SimpleNursing: Understanding Hyper and Hypothyroidism

Introduction

• Nurse Mike from SimpleNursing.com introduces the topic of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
• Encourages access to study guides and quizzes.

Basics of Thyroid Function

• Thyroid Regulates: Energy and metabolism via hormones T3 and T4.
• Pathophysiology: Hypothalamus releases TRH → Anterior pituitary releases TSH → Thyroid stimulated.
• Key Hormones: T3, T4, and Calcitonin.
  • Calcitonin tones down calcium levels in the blood by increasing bone calcium.

Hyperthyroidism

• Characteristics: High energy and metabolism.
• Causes:
  • Graves' disease (autoimmune).
  • Excess iodine.
  • Over-medication in hypothyroidism treatment.
• Symptoms:
  • High heart rate, BP, temperature.
  • Weight loss, hot/sweaty skin.
  • Diarrhea, high calorie burn.
  • Exophthalmos (bulging eyes) and goiter (swollen throat).
• Management:
  • High-calorie diet, avoid high fiber, caffeine, spicy foods.
  • Medications: Methimazole, PTU, SSKI, Beta blockers.
  • Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) for destruction of thyroid.
  • Surgery (thyroidectomy) considerations.

Hypothyroidism

• Characteristics: Low energy and metabolism.
• Causes:
  • Hashimoto’s disease (autoimmune).
  • Low iodine intake.
  • Pituitary tumors, anti-thyroid treatments.
• Symptoms:
  • Fatigue, weight gain, constipation.
  • Hair loss, depression, low libido.
  • Cold intolerance, dry skin.
• Management:
  • Low-calorie diet, frequent rest periods.
  • Medication: Levothyroxine (Lifelong drug, taken on empty stomach).
  • Avoid narcotics, sedatives.

Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations

• Diagnostic Focus: T3 and T4 levels; TSH will be opposite.
• NCLEX Priorities:
  • Hyper: Monitor for thyroid storm (extreme high vitals).
  • Hypo: Myxedema coma (extreme low vitals).
• Patient Education:
  • Hyperthyroidism: Reduce exposure post medication.
  • Hypothyroidism: Lifelong medication adherence.

NCLEX Tips

• Hyperthyroidism: Monitor for agitation, confusion, thyroid storm risks.
• Hypothyroidism: Avoid electric blankets, ensure medication consistency.
• After Surgery:
  • Airway management (stridor, weak voice).
  • Monitor calcium levels (tingling, numbness).
  • Proper positioning to prevent complications.

Conclusion

• Encouragement to take quizzes and review study materials.
• Emphasis on understanding signs and symptoms for NCLEX and nursing practice.