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Thyroid Disorders: Hyper and Hypothyroidism Overview
Sep 29, 2024
SimpleNursing: Understanding Hyper and Hypothyroidism
Introduction
Nurse Mike from SimpleNursing.com introduces the topic of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
Encourages access to study guides and quizzes.
Basics of Thyroid Function
Thyroid Regulates
: Energy and metabolism via hormones T3 and T4.
Pathophysiology
: Hypothalamus releases TRH → Anterior pituitary releases TSH → Thyroid stimulated.
Key Hormones
: T3, T4, and Calcitonin.
Calcitonin tones down calcium levels in the blood by increasing bone calcium.
Hyperthyroidism
Characteristics
: High energy and metabolism.
Causes
:
Graves' disease (autoimmune).
Excess iodine.
Over-medication in hypothyroidism treatment.
Symptoms
:
High heart rate, BP, temperature.
Weight loss, hot/sweaty skin.
Diarrhea, high calorie burn.
Exophthalmos (bulging eyes) and goiter (swollen throat).
Management
:
High-calorie diet, avoid high fiber, caffeine, spicy foods.
Medications: Methimazole, PTU, SSKI, Beta blockers.
Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) for destruction of thyroid.
Surgery (thyroidectomy) considerations.
Hypothyroidism
Characteristics
: Low energy and metabolism.
Causes
:
Hashimoto’s disease (autoimmune).
Low iodine intake.
Pituitary tumors, anti-thyroid treatments.
Symptoms
:
Fatigue, weight gain, constipation.
Hair loss, depression, low libido.
Cold intolerance, dry skin.
Management
:
Low-calorie diet, frequent rest periods.
Medication: Levothyroxine (Lifelong drug, taken on empty stomach).
Avoid narcotics, sedatives.
Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations
Diagnostic Focus
: T3 and T4 levels; TSH will be opposite.
NCLEX Priorities
:
Hyper: Monitor for thyroid storm (extreme high vitals).
Hypo: Myxedema coma (extreme low vitals).
Patient Education
:
Hyperthyroidism: Reduce exposure post medication.
Hypothyroidism: Lifelong medication adherence.
NCLEX Tips
Hyperthyroidism
: Monitor for agitation, confusion, thyroid storm risks.
Hypothyroidism
: Avoid electric blankets, ensure medication consistency.
After Surgery
:
Airway management (stridor, weak voice).
Monitor calcium levels (tingling, numbness).
Proper positioning to prevent complications.
Conclusion
Encouragement to take quizzes and review study materials.
Emphasis on understanding signs and symptoms for NCLEX and nursing practice.
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