Lecture Notes on Newspapers, Magazines, and the Media

Staying Relevant in the 21st Century

• Technology Impact: Shortened attention spans.
• Gen Z Preferences: Content should inform and entertain.
• KISS Principle: Simple and easy-to-understand writing.
• Exaggerated News: "Fake news" often attracts younger audiences.
• Celebrity Focus: "Breaking News" often about celebrities.
• Video Platforms: Possible shift to short video segments.

Early Newspapers

• 1618: Curanto - First English newspaper, Amsterdam.
• 1622: Newspapers in Britain, distributed in coffeehouses.
• Church Reformers: John Calvin and Martin Luther's followers among earliest publishers.

Colonial Publishing

• 1690: Publick Occurrences - First paper in American colonies.
• 1721: New England Courant by James Franklin.

Early American Newspapers

• Audience: Wealthy elite, political parties.
• Characteristics: Opinion-focused, expensive, small circulation.

Penny Press Revolution

• Benjamin Day: The New York Sun - Affordable newspaper.
• Advertising-funded: Reduced cost for consumers.

Newspaper Wars: Hearst vs. Pulitzer

• Joseph Pulitzer: New York World, front-page creation, sensational stunts.
• Nellie Bly: Investigative journalism.
• William Randolph Hearst: Yellow Journalism, comics.

Broadcast News - Radio

• 1920: KDKA, Harding-Cox election.
• WW2 Coverage: Edward R. Murrow for CBS.

Birth of Photojournalism

• Mathew Brady: Civil War photography.

The Muckrakers

• Progressive Journalism: 1800s-1900s, exposed industrial corruption.

Chapter 5: Corporate and Media Dynamics

• Muckrakers: Exposing corporate greed and corruption.
• Henry Luce: Founder of Time magazine.

Broadcast News - Television

• 1940: Early TV coverage of Republican convention.
• 1960s: 30-minute TV news broadcasts.
• 1979: ABC's "Nightline."

Broadcast News - Cable

• 1980: CNN's entry.
• 1990s-2000s: Fox News, MSNBC formation.

Community and Suburban Papers

• Local Focus: News specific to communities.

Papers with National Reach

• Wall Street Journal: Financial focus.
• USA Today: Design-forward, concise news.
• New York Times: National news influence.
• Washington Post: Investigative journalism prominence.

Herbert Gans: Journalistic Values

• Values include ethnocentrism, altruistic democracy, responsible capitalism, and leadership.

News Media and Political Bias

• Fake News: Includes satire, mistakes, and partisan content.

Dangers Journalists Face

• In 2017, 46 journalists killed due to their work.

Where Do People Go for the News?

• Choice often based on political views.

Specialized Presses

• Black Press: Historical significance.
• Hispanic Press: Declining circulation.
• LGBTQIA+ Press: Evolving role.

Audio Music and Media

Explicit Lyrics and Music Influence

• Debate: Warning labels may attract attention.

Storing Sound

• 1877: Edison’s phonograph.
• 1953: Hi-Fi technology.

Radio Development

• RCA Monopoly: Developed radio as a medium.

Golden Age of Radio

• Popular music, drama, and soap operas.

Radio's New Look

• HD and Satellite Radio: Innovations and challenges.

Online and Mobile Audio

• Streaming: Spotify, podcasts, and their impact.

Smart Speakers

• Devices: Amazon Echo, Google Home.

Rock ‘n’ Roll and Cultural Integration

• Motown: Cultural impact and mainstream success.

British Invasion

• Examples: The Beatles.

Hip-Hop Culture

• Elements: MCing, DJing, and graffiti art.

Country Music

• Evolution: From folk roots to modern pop influences.

Radio Formats

• Diverse Types: Popular, talk, public radio.

Effects of Music on Youth

• Concerns: Lyrics' impact on young listeners.

Changing Musical Experience

• Digital Shift: From social to personalized music experiences.

Movies and Mass Entertainment

Early Movie Technology

• 1870s-1880s: Early photographers, kinetoscope.

Studio System

• Control: Studios controlled production and distribution.

Blacklist Era

• 1947: Hollywood Red Scare and blacklisting.

Movies React to Television

• 1950s: Declining ticket sales and innovations like 3D.

Blockbuster Era

• 1975: "Jaws" initiates the era.

Digital and Projection Technologies

• 2009-2010: Rise of digital and 3D technologies.

International Influence

• Bollywood: Global impact of Indian cinema.

Racial Representation in Film

• Ongoing challenges and recent successes.

The Bechdel Test

• Purpose: Evaluates female character representation.

Online and Mobile Media

Internet Development

• Challenges: Interoperability and information sharing.

ARPAnet and TCP/IP

• Foundations: Early network technologies.

Web Components

• URL, HTTP, HTML: Core concepts.

Mobile Apps

• Impact: Changing how users interact online.

Blogs and Podcasts

• Role: Bypass traditional media, deliver niche content.

Cyberspace Concept

• Origins: Communication and control theory.

Conflicts Over Digital Media

Control and Privacy

• Issues: Online privacy and intellectual property.

Media Convergence

• Integration: Legacy and new media.

Hacker Ethic

• Implications: Information freedom and election hacking.

Social Media and Video Games

Social Media Characteristics

• Five elements: User-generated content, tagging, etc.

Privacy and Cyberbullying

• Concerns: Data privacy, cyberbullying impacts.

Development of Video Games

• History: From "Tennis for Two" to modern platforms.

Video Games as Mass Communication

• Role: Content delivery and community building.

Advertising

Industry Development

• Historical Context: Birth of consumer culture.

Advertising Business Elements

• Components: Client, agency, media, audience.

Targeting and Clutter Challenges

• Strategies: Demographics, psychographics.

Children's Advertising

• Ethical Concerns: Impact on youth and regulation debates.

Public Relations

Origins and Evolution

• Pioneers: Ivy Lee, Edward Bernays.

Crisis Communication

• Strategies: Be honest, quick, and communicate actions.

PR in the Digital Age

• Opportunities: Online channels and social media.

PR and Government

• Lobbying: Extensive use in politics.

This completes the summarized lecture notes covering the key points on newspapers, magazines, music, movies, online media, advertising, and public relations as discussed in the lectures.