Overview of Atoms

Introduction

• Speaker: Akshay Digi
• Topic: Study of Atoms
• Introduction: Atoms explained like a story.

Dalton's Atomic Theory

• Atoms described as indivisible.
• No knowledge of electrons, protons, neutrons.

Thomson's Model

• Watermelon and Plum Pudding Model: Atom is neutral.
• Positive charge presumed to be spread across the atom.
• Electrons viewed as embedded particles.

Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment

• Alpha particles directed at a thin gold foil.
• Majority of alpha particles passed straight through.
• Positive charge discovered at the center of the nucleus.

Bohr's Model

• Electrons orbit in fixed orbits.
• No energy loss occurs.
• Concept of energy levels introduced.

Line Spectra

• Various rays emitted from hydrogen.
• Balmer and Lyman Series: Different spectra based on electron movements.

Rydberg Formula

• Explaining the wavelength of electronic transitions.

De Broglie Explanation

• Electrons considered as waves.
• Explanation of electron movement.

Ionization Energy

• Energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

Question and Answer Session

• Problems and formulas resolved based on various questions.

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These notes summarize the key points describing various models and theories related to atoms. The contributions and limitations of each model are explained.