Understanding Diabetes

What is Diabetes?

• Diabetes is a disease characterized by high levels of glucose (blood sugar).
• Glucose is the main source of energy and primarily comes from food.

Role of Insulin

• Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas.
• It helps glucose enter the cells to be used for energy.

Types of Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes

• The immune system destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
• The body cannot produce insulin.
• Daily insulin intake is essential for survival.

Type 2 Diabetes

• The body does not use insulin properly or does not produce enough.
• Insufficient insulin results in glucose not entering cells effectively.
• Requires taking insulin or other medications for blood sugar control.

Health Implications of High Blood Sugar

• Elevated glucose levels can cause:
  • Heart disease
  • Kidney disease
  • Nerve damage
  • Eye diseases

Managing Diabetes

• Diabetes is serious but manageable.
• Regular A1C tests to monitor average blood glucose levels.
• Goals:
  • Keep blood glucose within target range
  • Reduce risk of health issues

Lifestyle Management

• Follow prescribed diabetes medications.
• Make healthy food choices.
• Increase physical activity.
• Manage blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
• Quit smoking.

Further Information

• Visit National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) for more information.
• Contact: 1–800–860–8747 for support and guidance.