Spina Bifida: Overview and Key Points

Early Development

• Timing: Occurs in the first 2-3 weeks post-conception, often before pregnancy is known.
• Location: Can occur along the spine, most commonly in the lower back.

Severity and Impact

• Variation: Severity ranges from no noticeable symptoms to severe paralysis and loss of sensation.
• Lesion Location: Higher spinal lesions can cause more extensive weakness including arms and legs.
• Bowel and Bladder Control: Likely compromised in all significant cases due to nerve location.

Myelomeningocele

• Definition: The most common type of spina bifida.
• Presentation: Appears as a sac of exposed meninges or membranes, often containing parts of the spinal cord and nerves.
• Surgical Intervention: Requires surgical repair within 24-72 hours post-birth to prevent infection and further damage.

Associated Conditions: Hydrocephalus

• Prevalence: Affects 80% of children with myelomeningocele.
• Cause: Fluid flow obstruction leading to pressure build-up, causing brain and skull expansion.
• Treatment: Managed by surgical shunt insertion to drain excess fluid.

Individual Variability

• Each child with spina bifida has unique symptoms and functional limitations.

Prognosis and Quality of Life

• With proper treatment and support, many individuals can lead productive and fulfilling lives.